本篇内容主要讲解“如何使用Docker实现Mariadb分库分表及读写分离功能”，感兴趣的朋友不妨来看看。本文介绍的方法操作简单快捷，实用性强。下面就让小编来带大家学习“如何使用Docker实现Mariadb分库分表及读写分离功能”吧!
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一、简介
本文使用docker实现MySQL主从配置，读写分离、分库分表等功能。
二、环境准备
1.基础环境
java
java version "1.8.0_111"
java(tm) se runtime environment (build 1.8.0_111-b14)
java hotspot(tm) 64-bit server vm (build 25.111-b14, mixed mode)
docker
client:
version: 18.03.0-ce
api version: 1.37
go version: go1.9.4
git commit: 0520e24
built: wed mar 21 23:09:15 2018
os/arch: linux/amd64
experimental: false
orchestrator: swarm
server:
engine:
version: 18.03.0-ce
api version: 1.37 (minimum version 1.12)
go version: go1.9.4
git commit: 0520e24
built: wed mar 21 23:13:03 2018
os/arch: linux/amd64
experimental: false
三、安装mysql主从配置
1.部署信息
| 节点名称 | 数据名称 | 节点ip | 端口 | | master | marster | 192.168.92.50 | 3306 |
| slave | slave | 192.168.92.51 | 3307 |
| mycat | mycat | 192.168.92.50 | 8066/9066 |
2.主节点配置文件
创建mysql主节点配置文件
mkdir /usr/local/mysql/master
mkdir conf data
创建主节点配置文件docker.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id=1
log-bin=master-bin #只是读写,就只要主库配置即可.如果要做主从切换，那么主库和从库都需要开启.
skip-host-cache
skip-name-resolve
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
init-connect='set names utf8'
character-set-server = utf8
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
创建从节点配置文件 docker.conf
mkdir /usr/local/mysql/slave
mkdir conf data
[mysqld]
server-id=2
log-bin=master-bin
skip-host-cache
skip-name-resolve
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
init-connect='set names utf8'
character-set-server = utf8
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
3.创建mysql容器
此处使用mariadb最新稳定镜像创建容器
创建主节点myslq
docker run --name master -p 3306:3306 -v /usr/local/mysql/master/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /usr/local/mysql/master/data:/var/lib/mysql -e mysql_root_password=123456 -idt mariadb:latest --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
创建从节点mysql
docker run --name slave -p 3307:3306 -v /usr/local/mysql/slave/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /usr/local/mysql/slave/data:/var/lib/mysql -e mysql_root_password=123456 -idt mariadb:latest --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
4.开启主从复制
step 1 进入主节点
docker exec -it master /bin/bash
mysql -uroot -p
step 2 创建用户
create user 'backuser'@'%' identified by 'root';
grant replication slave on *.* to 'backuser'@'%';
flush privileges;
show master status;
mariadb [(none)]> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| file | position | binlog_do_db | binlog_ignore_db |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| master-bin.000003 | 787 | | |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.000 sec)
step 3 进入从节点创建用户开启同步
docker exec -it slave /bin/bash
mysql -uroot -proot
change master to master_host='192.168.92.51',master_port=3306,master_user='backuser',master_password='root',master_log_file='master-bin.000003',master_log_pos=787;
开启主从复制：
start slave;
从节点设置日志和文件名要跟主节点信息对应，包括日志记录起始位置position
检查主从复制是否ok
show slave status \g;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
slave_io_state: waiting for master to send event
master_host: 192.168.92.50
master_user: backuser
master_port: 3306
connect_retry: 60
master_log_file: master-bin.000005
read_master_log_pos: 343
relay_log_file: mysqld-relay-bin.000002
relay_log_pos: 556
relay_master_log_file: master-bin.000005
slave_io_running: yes
slave_sql_running: yes
slave出现2个yes,代表主从复制设置成功。
5、安装mycat
下载mycat在50节点实现安装
tar -zxvf mycat-server-1.6.7.1-release-20190213150257-linux.tar.gz
mv mycat/ /usr/local/
修改mycat目录下 conf的server.xml 文件，指定用户名和密码
0
1
0
0
0
false
0
0
1
64k
1k
0
384m
false
false
true
123456
test
上述配置，指定以root为用户名，密码为123456，访问虚拟逻辑数据库test。
配置rule规则
修改mycat conf 文件夹下的schema.xml 配置数据库对应规则
select user()
上述配置scheam name 对应server配置文件的虚拟数据库，指定了2个表信息，tb_user 表主键实现自增长，有4个数据库节点，使用userrule表规则。
datanode 指定了真实对应的物理数据库节点，对应datahost说明了读写指定的用户和节点信息。
配置表分片规则文件rule.xml
id
func1
id
jump-consistent-hash
0
2
160
partition-hash-int.txt
autopartition-long.txt
3
8
128
24
yyyy-mm-dd
2015-01-01
partition-range-mod.txt
3
上述文件重点关注第一个tablerule、rule指定了分片规则在哪个表字段，algorithm指定了分片的算法，其中 func1 与文件后面function名称为func1对应，此处使用了partitionbylong分片算法。
conf下增加sequence_conf.properties文件，其内容如下：
tb_user.hisids=
tb_user.minid=1
tb_user.maxid=20000
tb_user.curid=1
主要申明了主键增长的策略。
四、mycat分库分表实践测试
1.master节点手动创建数据库
master节点手动创建4个数据库db1，db2,db3,db4 (不要操作从节点)
此时打开slave节点，会观察到slave也会自动创建4个数据库。
2.开启mycat
使用命令 ./mycat start 开启mycat
./mycat start 启动
./mycat stop 停止
./mycat console 前台运行
./mycat restart 重启服务
./mycat pause 暂停
./mycat status 查看启动状态
如果启动失败，请查看 /usr/local/mycat的wrapper.log 日志文件信息。
fatal | wrapper | 2019/04/21 14:36:09 | error: could not write pid file /usr/local/mycat/logs/mycat.pid: no such file or directory
如果遇到上述错误，请在mycat 目录创建logs 文件夹，重新启动即可。
[root@localhost mycat]# bin/mycat status
mycat-server is running (5065).
上述消息则表示mycat启动成功。
2.放行mycat通信端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8066/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9066/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload
使用docker镜像开启mycat容器实例
docker run --name mycat -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/rule.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/rule.xml -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/sequence_conf.properties:/usr/local/mycat/conf/sequence_conf.properties --privileged=true -p 8066:8066 -p 9066:9066 -e mysql_root_password=123456 -d longhronshens/mycat-docker
或者关闭防火墙。
3. mycat连接
使用navicate连接mycat，端口8066(9066为管理端口)
使用命令连接mycat
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -p123456 -p8066
welcome to the mariadb monitor. commands end with ; or \g.
your mysql connection id is 12
server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6.7.1-release-20190213150257 mycat server (openclouddb)
copyright (c) 2000, 2017, oracle, mariadb corporation ab and others.
type 'help;' or '\h' for help. type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql [(none)]>
管理端命令：
mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -proot -p9066
查看虚拟逻辑库：
mysql [(none)]> show databases;
+----------+
| database |
+----------+
| test |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql [(none)]>
使用逻辑库创建表：
mysql [(none)]> use test;
create table `tb_user` (
`id` bigint(20) not null auto_increment,
`username` varchar(50) character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci not null comment '用户名',
`password` varchar(32) character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci not null comment '密码，加密存储',
`phone` varchar(20) character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci null default null comment '注册手机号',
`email` varchar(50) character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci null default null comment '注册邮箱',
`created` datetime(0) not null,
`updated` datetime(0) not null,
primary key (`id`) using btree,
unique index `username`(`username`) using btree,
unique index `phone`(`phone`) using btree,
unique index `email`(`email`) using btree
) engine = innodb auto_increment = 54 character set = utf8 collate = utf8_general_ci comment = '用户表' row_format = compact;
可以看到mycat,mysql主从都创建了该表
在创建一张表：
create table `tb_category` (
`id` varchar(5) character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci not null,
`name` varchar(200) character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci null default null comment '名字',
`sort_order` int(4) not null default 1 comment '排列序号，表示同级类目的展现次序，如数值相等则按名称次序排列。取值范围:大于零的整数',
`created` datetime(0) null default null,
`updated` datetime(0) null default null,
primary key (`id`) using btree,
index `updated`(`updated`) using btree
) engine = innodb character set = utf8 collate = utf8_general_ci row_format = compact;
插入一条数据：
insert into `tb_user`(id,username,password,phone,email,created,updated) values (7, 'zhangsan', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e', '13488888888', 'aa@a', '2015-04-06 17:03:55', '2015-04-06 17:03:55');
为测试分库效果，我们插入不同id的数据来观察一下：
insert into `tb_user`(id,username,password,phone,email,created,updated) values (128, 'zhang02', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f88ss', '13488888882', 'aa@01.com', '2015-04-06 17:03:57', '2015-04-06 17:04:55');
insert into `tb_user`(id,username,password,phone,email,created,updated) values (256, 'zhang03', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f88ss', '13488888883', 'aa@02.com', '2015-04-06 17:03:57', '2015-04-06 17:04:55');
insert into `tb_user`(id,username,password,phone,email,created,updated) values (384, 'zhang05', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f88ss', '13488888885', 'aa@05.com', '2015-04-06 17:03:57', '2015-04-06 17:04:55');
可以看到数据分别分布在db1/db2/db3/db4,分布的规则取决于插入数据的主键在rule.xml 设置的分片规则约束。
查看mycat节点健康状态，在主节点输入如下命令：
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -p123456 -p9066
welcome to the mariadb monitor. commands end with ; or \g.
your mysql connection id is 16
server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6.7.1-release-20190213150257 mycat server (monitor)
copyright (c) 2000, 2017, oracle, mariadb corporation ab and others.
type 'help;' or '\h' for help. type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql [(none)]> show @@heartbeat;
+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+
| name | type | host | port | rs_code | retry | status | timeout | execute_time | last_active_time | stop |
+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+
| hostm1 | mysql | 192.168.92.50 | 3306 | 1 | 0 | idle | 30000 | 1,9,6 | 2019-04-21 20:44:40 | false |
| hosts2 | mysql | 192.168.92.51 | 3307 | 1 | 0 | idle | 30000 | 1,9,67381 | 2019-04-21 20:44:40 | false |
+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.36 sec)
上述 rs_code 1代表节点正常，-1代表节点异常。
查询mycat所有命令：
mysql [(none)]> show @@help;
+--------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| statement | description |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| show @@time.current | report current timestamp |
| show @@time.startup | report startup timestamp |
| show @@version | report mycat server version |
| show @@server | report server status |
| show @@threadpool | report threadpool status |
| show @@database | report databases |
| show @@datanode | report datanodes |
| show @@datanode where schema = ? | report datanodes |
| show @@datasource | report datasources |
| show @@datasource where datanode = ? | report datasources |
| show @@datasource.synstatus | report datasource data synchronous |
| show @@datasource.syndetail where name=? | report datasource data synchronous detail |
| show @@datasource.cluster | report datasource galary cluster variables |
| show @@processor | report processor status |
| show @@command | report commands status |
| show @@connection | report connection status |
| show @@cache | report system cache usage |
| show @@backend | report backend connection status |
| show @@session | report front session details |
| show @@connection.sql | report connection sql |
| show @@sql.execute | report execute status |
| show @@sql.detail where id = ? | report execute detail status |
| show @@sql | report sql list |
| show @@sql.high | report hight frequency sql |
| show @@sql.slow | report slow sql |
| show @@sql.resultset | report big resultset sql |
| show @@sql.sum | report user rw stat |
| show @@sql.sum.user | report user rw stat |
| show @@sql.sum.table | report table rw stat |
| show @@parser | report parser status |
| show @@router | report router status |
| show @@heartbeat | report heartbeat status |
| show @@heartbeat.detail where name=? | report heartbeat current detail |
| show @@slow where schema = ? | report schema slow sql |
| show @@slow where datanode = ? | report datanode slow sql |
| show @@sysparam | report system param |
| show @@syslog limit=? | report system mycat.log |
| show @@white | show mycat white host |
| show @@white.set=?,? | set mycat white host,[ip,user] |
| show @@directmemory=1 or 2 | show mycat direct memory usage |
| show @@check_global -schema= ? -table=? -retry=? -interval=? | check mycat global table consistency |
| switch @@datasource name:index | switch datasource |
| kill @@connection id1,id2,... | kill the specified connections |
| stop @@heartbeat name:time | pause datanode heartbeat |
| reload @@config | reload basic config from file |
| reload @@config_all | reload all config from file |
| reload @@route | reload route config from file |
| reload @@user | reload user config from file |
| reload @@sqlslow= | set slow sql time(ms) |
| reload @@user_stat | reset show @@sql @@sql.sum @@sql.slow |
| rollback @@config | rollback all config from memory |
| rollback @@route | rollback route config from memory |
| rollback @@user | rollback user config from memory |
| reload @@sqlstat=open | open real-time sql stat analyzer |
| reload @@sqlstat=close | close real-time sql stat analyzer |
| offline | change mycat status to off |
| online | change mycat status to on |
| clear @@slow where schema = ? | clear slow sql by schema |
| clear @@slow where datanode = ? | clear slow sql by datanode |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
59 rows in set (0.16 sec)
遇到如下错误：
修改schema.xml 文件属性checksqlschema:
遇到如下错误：
jvm 1 | caused by: io.mycat.config.util.configexception: org.xml.sax.saxparseexception; linenumber: 97; columnnumber: 42; attribute "defaultaccount" must be declared for element type "user".
jvm 1 | at io.mycat.config.loader.xml.xmlserverloader.load(xmlserverloader.java:111)
jvm 1 | at io.mycat.config.loader.xml.xmlserverloader.(xmlserverloader.java:69)
jvm 1 | at io.mycat.config.loader.xml.xmlconfigloader.(xmlconfigloader.java:56)
jvm 1 | at io.mycat.config.configinitializer.(configinitializer.java:77)
jvm 1 | at io.mycat.config.mycatconfig.(mycatconfig.java:72)
jvm 1 | at io.mycat.mycatserver.(mycatserver.java:144)
jvm 1 | at io.mycat.mycatserver.(mycatserver.java:96)
jvm 1 | ... 7 more
jvm 1 | caused by: org.xml.sax.saxparseexception; linenumber: 97; columnnumber: 42; attribute "defaultaccount" must be declared for element type "user".
请修改server.xml 文件，将user模块的defaultaccount取消：
123456
test
最后放一张mycat查询结果截图：
到此，相信大家对“如何使用Docker实现Mariadb分库分表及读写分离功能”有了更深的了解，不妨来实际操作一番吧！这里是创新互联网站，更多相关内容可以进入相关频道进行查询，关注我们，继续学习！
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