HDFS只是Hadoop最基本的一个服务，很多其他服务，都是基于HDFS展开的。所以部署一个HDFS集群，是很核心的一个动作，也是大数据平台的开始。

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   安装Hadoop集群，首先需要有Zookeeper才可以完成安装。如果没有Zookeeper，请先部署一套Zookeeper。另外，JDK以及物理主机的一些设置等。请参考：

Hadoop集群(一) Zookeeper搭建

Hadoop集群(三) Hbase搭建

Hadoop集群(四) Hadoop升级

下面开始HDFS的安装

HDFS主机分配

1 2 3

192.168.67.101 c6701 --Namenode+datanode 192.168.67.102 c6702 --datanode 192.168.67.103 c6703 --datanode

1. 安装HDFS，解压hadoop-2.6.0-EDH-0u2.tar.gz 

我同时下载2.6和2.7版本的软件，先安装2.6，然后在执行2.6到2.7的升级步骤

useradd hdfs
echo "hdfs:hdfs" | chpasswd
su - hdfs
cd /tmp/software
tar -zxvf hadoop-2.6.0-EDH-0u2.tar.gz -C /home/hdfs/
mkdir -p /data/hadoop/temp 
mkdir -p /data/hadoop/journal 
mkdir -p /data/hadoop/hdfs/name 
mkdir -p /data/hadoop/hdfs/data
chown -R hdfs:hdfs /data/hadoop
chown -R hdfs:hdfs /data/hadoop/temp 
chown -R hdfs:hdfs /data/hadoop/journal 
chown -R hdfs:hdfs /data/hadoop/hdfs/name 
chown -R hdfs:hdfs /data/hadoop/hdfs/data 
$ pwd
/home/hdfs/hadoop-2.6.0-EDH-0u2/etc/hadoop

2. 修改core-site.xml对应的参数

$ cat core-site.xml

 
    
      fs.defaultFS   
      hdfs://ns   
 
 
 
      hadoop.tmp.dir
      /data/hadoop/temp
  
                         
    
      io.file.buffer.size   
      4096   
 
 
 
      ha.zookeeper.quorum
      c6701:2181,c6702:2181,c6703:2181
 
 

3. 修改hdfs-site.xml对应的参数

cat hdfs-site.xml

       
       
        dfs.nameservices   
        ns   
     
    
    
      dfs.ha.namenodes.ns
      nn1,nn2
    
    
    
      dfs.namenode.rpc-address.ns.nn1
      c6701:9000
    
    
    
        dfs.namenode.http-address.ns.nn1
        c6701:50070
    
    
    
        dfs.namenode.rpc-address.ns.nn2
        c6702:9000
    
    
    
        dfs.namenode.http-address.ns.nn2
        c6702:50070
    
    
    
        dfs.namenode.shared.edits.dir
        qjournal://c6701:8485;c6702:8485;c6703:8485/ns
    
    
    
          dfs.journalnode.edits.dir
          /data/hadoop/journal
    
    
    
          dfs.ha.automatic-failover.enabled
          true
    
    
    
            dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.ns
            org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider
    
    
    
            dfs.ha.fencing.methods
            sshfence
    
    
    
            dfs.ha.fencing.ssh.private-key-files
            /home/hdfs/.ssh/id_rsa
    
                             
       
        dfs.namenode.name.dir   
        /data/hadoop/hdfs/name   
       
   
       
        dfs.datanode.data.dir   
        /data/hadoop/hdfs/data   
       
   
       
      dfs.replication   
      2   
     
                                                                       
       
      dfs.webhdfs.enabled   
      true   
       

4. 添加slaves文件

$ more slaves
c6701
c6702
c6703

--- 安装C6702的hdfs---

5. 创建c6702的用户，并为hdfs用户ssh免密

ssh c6702 "useradd hdfs"
ssh c6702 "echo "hdfs:hdfs" | chpasswd"
ssh-copy-id  hdfs@c6702

6. 拷贝软件

scp -r /tmp/software/hadoop-2.6.0-EDH-0u2.tar.gz root@c6702:/tmp/software/.
ssh c6702 "chmod 777 /tmp/software/*"

7. 创建目录，解压软件

ssh hdfs@c6702 "mkdir hdfs"
ssh hdfs@c6702 "tar -zxvf /tmp/software/hadoop-2.6.0-EDH-0u2.tar.gz -C /home/hdfs"
ssh hdfs@c6702 "ls -al hdfs"
ssh hdfs@c6702 "ls -al hdfs/hadoop*"

复制配置文件

ssh hdfs@c6702 "rm -rf /home/hdfs/hadoop-2.6.0-EDH-0u2/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml"
ssh hdfs@c6702 "rm -rf /home/hdfs/hadoop-2.6.0-EDH-0u2/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml"
scp -r /home/hdfs/hadoop-2.6.0-EDH-0u2/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml hdfs@c6702:/home/hdfs/hadoop-2.6.0-EDH-0u2/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml
scp -r /home/hdfs/hadoop-2.6.0-EDH-0u2/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml hdfs@c6702:/home/hdfs/hadoop-2.6.0-EDH-0u2/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml
scp -r /home/hdfs/hadoop-2.6.0-EDH-0u2/etc/hadoop/slaves hdfs@c6702:/home/hdfs/hadoop-2.6.0-EDH-0u2/etc/hadoop/slaves

创建hdfs需要的目录

ssh root@c6702 "mkdir -p /data/hadoop"
ssh root@c6702 " chown -R hdfs:hdfs  /data/hadoop"
ssh hdfs@c6702 "mkdir -p /data/hadoop/temp"
ssh hdfs@c6702 "mkdir -p /data/hadoop/journal"
ssh hdfs@c6702 "mkdir -p /data/hadoop/hdfs/name"
ssh hdfs@c6702 "mkdir -p /data/hadoop/hdfs/data"

--- 安装C6703的hdfs---

8. 创建c6703的用户，并为hdfs用户ssh免密

ssh c6703 "useradd hdfs"
ssh c6703 "echo "hdfs:hdfs" | chpasswd"
ssh-copy-id  hdfs@c6703

9. 拷贝软件

scp -r /tmp/software/hadoop-2.6.0-EDH-0u2.tar.gz root@c6703:/tmp/software/.
ssh c6703 "chmod 777 /tmp/software/*"
10. 创建目录，解压软件
ssh hdfs@c6703 "mkdir hdfs"
ssh hdfs@c6703 "tar -zxvf /tmp/software/hadoop-2.6.0-EDH-0u2.tar.gz -C /home/hdfs"
ssh hdfs@c6703 "ls -al hdfs"
ssh hdfs@c6703 "ls -al hdfs/hadoop*"

复制配置文件

ssh hdfs@c6703 "rm -rf /home/hdfs/hadoop-2.6.0-EDH-0u2/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml"
ssh hdfs@c6703 "rm -rf /home/hdfs/hadoop-2.6.0-EDH-0u2/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml"
scp -r /home/hdfs/hadoop-2.6.0-EDH-0u2/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml hdfs@c6703:/home/hdfs/hadoop-2.6.0-EDH-0u2/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml
scp -r /home/hdfs/hadoop-2.6.0-EDH-0u2/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml hdfs@c6703:/home/hdfs/hadoop-2.6.0-EDH-0u2/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml
scp -r /home/hdfs/hadoop-2.6.0-EDH-0u2/etc/hadoop/slaves hdfs@c6703:/home/hdfs/hadoop-2.6.0-EDH-0u2/etc/hadoop/slaves

创建hdfs需要的目录

ssh root@c6703 "mkdir -p /data/hadoop"
ssh root@c6703 " chown -R hdfs:hdfs  /data/hadoop"
ssh hdfs@c6703 "mkdir -p /data/hadoop/temp"
ssh hdfs@c6703 "mkdir -p /data/hadoop/journal"
ssh hdfs@c6703 "mkdir -p /data/hadoop/hdfs/name"
ssh hdfs@c6703 "mkdir -p /data/hadoop/hdfs/data"

11. 启动HDFS，先启动三个节点的journalnode

/home/hdfs/hadoop-2.6.0-EDH-0u2/sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start journalnode

检查状态

$ jps
3958 Jps
3868 JournalNode

12. 然后启动namenode,首次启动namenode之前，先在其中一个节点(主节点)format namenode信息，信息会存在于dfs.namenode.name.dir指定的路径中

 dfs.namenode.name.dir   
 /data/hadoop/hdfs/name

$ ./hdfs namenode -format
17/09/26 07:52:17 INFO namenode.NameNode: STARTUP_MSG:
/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG:   host = c6701.python279.org/192.168.67.101
STARTUP_MSG:   args = [-format]
STARTUP_MSG:   version = 2.6.0-EDH-0u2
STARTUP_MSG:   classpath = /home/hdfs/hadoop-2.6.0-EDHxxxxxxxxxx
STARTUP_MSG:   build = http://gitlab-xxxxx
STARTUP_MSG:   java = 1.8.0_144
************************************************************/
17/09/26 07:52:17 INFO namenode.NameNode: registered UNIX signal handlers for [TERM, HUP, INT]
17/09/26 07:52:17 INFO namenode.NameNode: createNameNode [-format]
17/09/26 07:52:18 WARN common.Util: Path /data/hadoop/hdfs/name should be specified as a URI in configuration files. Please update hdfs configuration.
17/09/26 07:52:18 WARN common.Util: Path /data/hadoop/hdfs/name should be specified as a URI in configuration files. Please update hdfs configuration.
Formatting using clusterid: CID-b2f01411-862f-44b2-a6dc-7d17bd48d522
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: No KeyProvider found.
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: fsLock is fair:true
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO blockmanagement.DatanodeManager: dfs.block.invalidate.limit=1000
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO blockmanagement.DatanodeManager: dfs.namenode.datanode.registration.ip-hostname-check=true
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: dfs.namenode.startup.delay.block.deletion.sec is set to 000:00:00:00.000
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: The block deletion will start around 2017 Sep 26 07:52:18
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map BlocksMap
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO util.GSet: VM type       = 64-bit
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO util.GSet: 2.0% max memory 966.7 MB = 19.3 MB
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO util.GSet: capacity      = 2^21 = 2097152 entries
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: dfs.block.access.token.enable=false
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: defaultReplication         = 2
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: maxReplication             = 512
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: minReplication             = 1
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: maxReplicationStreams      = 2
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: shouldCheckForEnoughRacks  = false
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: replicationRecheckInterval = 3000
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: encryptDataTransfer        = false
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: maxNumBlocksToLog          = 1000
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: fsOwner             = hdfs (auth:SIMPLE)
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: supergroup          = supergroup
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: isPermissionEnabled = true
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Determined nameservice ID: ns
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: HA Enabled: true
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Append Enabled: true
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map INodeMap
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO util.GSet: VM type       = 64-bit
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO util.GSet: 1.0% max memory 966.7 MB = 9.7 MB
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO util.GSet: capacity      = 2^20 = 1048576 entries
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO namenode.NameNode: Caching file names occuring more than 10 times
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map cachedBlocks
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO util.GSet: VM type       = 64-bit
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO util.GSet: 0.25% max memory 966.7 MB = 2.4 MB
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO util.GSet: capacity      = 2^18 = 262144 entries
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.threshold-pct = 0.9990000128746033
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.min.datanodes = 0
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.extension     = 30000
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Retry cache on namenode is enabled
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Retry cache will use 0.03 of total heap and retry cache entry expiry time is 600000 millis
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map NameNodeRetryCache
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO util.GSet: VM type       = 64-bit
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO util.GSet: 0.029999999329447746% max memory 966.7 MB = 297.0 KB
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO util.GSet: capacity      = 2^15 = 32768 entries
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO namenode.NNConf: ACLs enabled? false
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO namenode.NNConf: XAttrs enabled? true
17/09/26 07:52:18 INFO namenode.NNConf: Maximum size of an xattr: 16384
17/09/26 07:52:19 INFO namenode.FSImage: Allocated new BlockPoolId: BP-144216011-192.168.67.101-1506412339757
17/09/26 07:52:19 INFO common.Storage: Storage directory /data/hadoop/hdfs/name has been successfully formatted.
17/09/26 07:52:20 INFO namenode.NNStorageRetentionManager: Going to retain 1 images with txid >= 0
17/09/26 07:52:20 INFO util.ExitUtil: Exiting with status 0
17/09/26 07:52:20 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG:
/************************************************************
SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at c6701.python279.org/192.168.67.101
************************************************************/

13. standby namenode需要先执行bootstrapstandby，输出如下

[hdfs@c6702 sbin]$ ../bin/hdfs namenode -bootstrapstandby
17/09/26 09:44:58 INFO namenode.NameNode: STARTUP_MSG:
/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG:   host = c6702.python279.org/192.168.67.102
STARTUP_MSG:   args = [-bootstrapstandby]
STARTUP_MSG:   version = 2.6.0-EDH-0u2
STARTUP_MSG:   classpath = /home/hdfs/haxxx
STARTUP_MSG:   build = http://gitlab-xxxx
STARTUP_MSG:   java = 1.8.0_144
************************************************************/
17/09/26 09:44:58 INFO namenode.NameNode: registered UNIX signal handlers for [TERM, HUP, INT]
17/09/26 09:44:58 INFO namenode.NameNode: createNameNode [-bootstrapstandby]
17/09/26 09:44:59 WARN common.Util: Path /data/hadoop/hdfs/name should be specified as a URI in configuration files. Please update hdfs configuration.
17/09/26 09:44:59 WARN common.Util: Path /data/hadoop/hdfs/name should be specified as a URI in configuration files. Please update hdfs configuration.
=====================================================
About to bootstrap Standby ID nn2 from:
           Nameservice ID: ns
        Other Namenode ID: nn1
  Other NN's HTTP address: http://c6701:50070
  Other NN's IPC  address: c6701/192.168.67.101:9000
             Namespace ID: 793662207
            Block pool ID: BP-144216011-192.168.67.101-1506412339757
               Cluster ID: CID-b2f01411-862f-44b2-a6dc-7d17bd48d522
           Layout version: -60
=====================================================
Re-format filesystem in Storage Directory /data/hadoop/hdfs/name ? (Y or N) y
17/09/26 09:45:16 INFO common.Storage: Storage directory /data/hadoop/hdfs/name has been successfully formatted.
17/09/26 09:45:16 WARN common.Util: Path /data/hadoop/hdfs/name should be specified as a URI in configuration files. Please update hdfs configuration.
17/09/26 09:45:16 WARN common.Util: Path /data/hadoop/hdfs/name should be specified as a URI in configuration files. Please update hdfs configuration.
17/09/26 09:45:17 INFO namenode.TransferFsImage: Opening connection to http://c6701:50070/imagetransfer?getimage=1&txid=0&storageInfo=-60:793662207:0:CID-b2f01411-862f-44b2-a6dc-7d17bd48d522
17/09/26 09:45:17 INFO namenode.TransferFsImage: Image Transfer timeout configured to 60000 milliseconds
17/09/26 09:45:17 INFO namenode.TransferFsImage: Transfer took 0.01s at 0.00 KB/s
17/09/26 09:45:17 INFO namenode.TransferFsImage: Downloaded file fsimage.ckpt_0000000000000000000 size 351 bytes.
17/09/26 09:45:17 INFO util.ExitUtil: Exiting with status 0
17/09/26 09:45:17 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG:
/************************************************************
SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at c6702.python279.org/192.168.67.102
************************************************************/

14. 检查状态，namenode还没有启动

[hdfs@c6702 sbin]$ jps
4539 Jps
3868 JournalNode

15. 启动standby namenode，命令和master启动的方式相同

[hdfs@c6702 sbin]$ ./hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode
starting namenode, logging to /home/hdfs/hadoop-2.6.0-EDH-0u2/logs/hadoop-hdfs-namenode-c6702.python279.org.out

16. 再次检查，namenode已经启动

[hdfs@c6702 sbin]$ jps
4640 Jps
4570 NameNode
3868 JournalNode

17. 格式化zkfc,让在zookeeper中生成ha节点，在master上执行如下命令，完成格式化

[hdfs@c6701 bin]$ ./hdfs zkfc -formatZK
17/09/26 09:59:20 INFO tools.DFSZKFailoverController: Failover controller configured for NameNode NameNode at c6701/192.168.67.101:9000
17/09/26 09:59:20 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:zookeeper.version=3.4.6-1569965, built on 02/20/2014 09:09 GMT
17/09/26 09:59:20 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:host.name=c6701.python279.org
17/09/26 09:59:20 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:java.version=1.8.0_144
17/09/26 09:59:20 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:java.vendor=Oracle Corporation
17/09/26 09:59:20 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:java.home=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_144/jre
17/09/26 09:59:20 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:java.class.path=/home/hdfs/hadoop-2.6.0-EDH-0u2/exxxx
17/09/26 09:59:20 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:java.library.path=/home/hdfs/hadoop-2.6.0-EDH-0u2/lib/native
17/09/26 09:59:20 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:java.io.tmpdir=/tmp
17/09/26 09:59:20 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:java.compiler=
17/09/26 09:59:20 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:os.name=Linux
17/09/26 09:59:20 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:os.arch=amd64
17/09/26 09:59:20 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:os.version=2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64
17/09/26 09:59:20 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:user.name=hdfs
17/09/26 09:59:20 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:user.home=/home/hdfs
17/09/26 09:59:20 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:user.dir=/home/hdfs/hadoop-2.6.0-EDH-0u2/bin
17/09/26 09:59:20 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Initiating client connection, connectString=c6701:2181,c6702:2181,c6703:2181 sessionTimeout=5000 watcher=org.apache.hadoop.ha.ActiveStandbyElector$WatcherWithClientRef@20deea7f
17/09/26 09:59:20 INFO zookeeper.ClientCnxn: Opening socket connection to server c6703.python279.org/192.168.67.103:2181. Will not attempt to authenticate using SASL (unknown error)
17/09/26 09:59:20 INFO zookeeper.ClientCnxn: Socket connection established to c6703.python279.org/192.168.67.103:2181, initiating session
17/09/26 09:59:20 INFO zookeeper.ClientCnxn: Session establishment complete on server c6703.python279.org/192.168.67.103:2181, sessionid = 0x35ebc5163710000, negotiated timeout = 5000
17/09/26 09:59:20 INFO ha.ActiveStandbyElector: Session connected.
17/09/26 09:59:20 INFO ha.ActiveStandbyElector: Successfully created /hadoop-ha/ns in ZK.
17/09/26 09:59:20 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Session: 0x35ebc5163710000 closed
17/09/26 09:59:20 INFO zookeeper.ClientCnxn: EventThread shut down

18. 格式化完成的检查

格式成功后，查看zookeeper中可以看到    <<<<<<<<<<<命令没确认

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] ls /hadoop-ha

19. 启动zkfc，这个就是为namenode使用的

./hadoop-daemon.sh start zkfc
starting zkfc, logging to /home/hdfs/hadoop-2.6.0-EDH-0u2/logs/hadoop-hdfs-zkfc-c6701.python279.org.out
$ jps
4272 DataNode
4402 JournalNode
6339 Jps
6277 DFSZKFailoverController
4952 NameNode

20. 另一个节点启动zkfc，

ssh  hdfs@c6702 
/home/hdfs/hadoop-2.6.0-EDH-0u2/sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start zkfc
$ jps
4981 Jps
4935 DFSZKFailoverController
4570 NameNode
3868 JournalNode

21. 注意：进行初始化的时候，必须保证zk集群已经启动了。

    1、在ZK中创建znode来存储automatic Failover的数据，任选一个NN执行完成即可：

        sh bin/hdfs zkfc -formatZK

    2、启动zkfs，在所有的NN节点中执行以下命令：

        sh sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start zkfc

22. 启动datanode

最后启动集群

/home/hdfs/hadoop-2.6.0-EDH-0u2/sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start zkfc
    sh sbin/start-dfs.sh

HDFS安装过程中的重点，最后在软件启动过程中，一些初始化操作，很重要。

1. 启动全部的journalnode

2. 在namenode1上执行， hdfs namenode -format

3. 在namenode1上执行， 启动namenode1，命令hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode 

4. 在namenode2上执行, hdfs namenode -bootstrapstandby

5. 在namenode1上执行，格式化zkfc,在zookeeper中生成HA节点, hdfs zkfc -formatZK

6. 启动zkfc，hadoop-daemon.sh start zkfc。 有namenode运行的节点，都要启动ZKFC

7. 启动 datanode

HDFS只是Hadoop最基本的一个模块，这里已经安装完成，可以为后面的Hbase提供服务了。

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