Oracle用户环境变量配置：

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        ORACLE_BASE=/orcl/app/oracle  

        ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0/db_1  

        ORACLE_SID=orcl  

        export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID  

        PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH  

        export PATH 

        export NLS_LANG=american_america.AL32UTF8

主库:

1. 将primary数据库设置为force logging模式

        select force_logging from v$database;

        alter database force logging;

2. 创建密码文件(如果没有)

        orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapworcl password=syspassword entries=30; 

3. 将主库至于归档模式

        shutdown immediate;

        startup mount;

        alter database archivelog;

        alter database open;

4. disabled selinux

        cat /etc/selinux/config | grep 'SELINUX'

5. 配置standby redo log

        select GROUP#,BYTES/1024/1024 size_M,STATUS,ARCHIVED from v$log;  # 查询当前日志组大小

        

        alter database add standby logfile group 4 ('/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standbyrd01.log') size 200M;

        alter database add standby logfile group 5 ('/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standbyrd02.log') size 200M;

        alter database add standby logfile group 6 ('/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standbyrd03.log') size 200M;

        alter database add standby logfile group 7 ('/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standbyrd04.log') size 200M;

        

        alter database drop standby logfile group 4;  # 删除

        select group#,thread#,sequence#,archived,status from v$standby_log;  # 验证

        

6. 生成控制文件

        alter database create standby controlfile as '/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/orcldg01.ctl';

7. 生成初始化参数文件

        create pfile from spfile;

        

        vi $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initorcl.ora（添加以下内容）

        

            *.log_file_name_convert='/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/','/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/'

            *.db_unique_name='orcl1'

            *.fal_client='orcl1'

            *.fal_server='orcldg'

            *.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(orcl1,orcldg)'

            *.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/ VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl1'

            *.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=orcldg LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcldg'

            *.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'

            *.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'

            *.standby_file_management='AUTO'

            *.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

            *.log_archive_format=%t_%s_%r.arc

        

        create spfile from pfile='initorcl.ora'

8. 修改listener.ora文件

        LISTENER =

              (DESCRIPTION_LIST =

            (DESCRIPTION =

              (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = nginx01)(PORT = 1521))

              (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))

            )

              )

        

        SID_LIST_LISTENER =  

              (SID_LIST =  

            (SID_DESC =  

              (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)

              (SID_NAME = orcl)

              )

            )

        

        ADR_BASE_LISTENER=/orcl/app/oracle

9. 修改tnsnames.ora文件

        ORCL =

              (DESCRIPTION =

                (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = nginx01)(PORT = 1521))

                (CONNECT_DATA =

              (SERVER = DEDICATED)

              (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

            )

              )

        

        

        ORCLDG =

              (DESCRIPTION =

                (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = nginx01-dg)(PORT = 1521))

                (CONNECT_DATA =

              (SERVER = DEDICATED)

              (SERVICE_NAME = orcldg)

            )

              )

10. shutdown immediate

11. 传输控制文件、初始化参数文件、监听文件、密码文件到备机

        cd /orcl/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/network/admin

        scp listener.ora nginx01-dg:/orcl/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/network/admin

        scp tnsnames.ora nginx01-dg:/orcl/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/network/admin

        scp sqlnet.ora nginx01-dg:/orcl/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/network/admin

        

        cd /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl

        scp orcldg01.ctl nginx01-dg:/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/

        

        cd /orcl/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/dbs

        scp initorcl.ora nginx01-dg:/orcl/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora

        scp orapworcl nginx01-dg:/orcl/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapworcl

12. 在主库上RMAN备份恢复到standby：

        1. 主库启动到mount状态，备库启动到nomount状态

        2. rman target sys/abcd1234@orcl auxiliary sys/abcd1234@orcldg

        3. duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck from active database;  # 主备机目录一致使用nofilenamecheck参数

        

备库：

1. disabled selinux

        cat /etc/selinux/config | grep 'SELINUX'

2. 创建目录

        mkdir -p /orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/

        mkdir -p /orcl/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump

        

3. 修改主库传过来的初始化参数文件initorcl.ora文件

        *.control_files='/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/orcldg01.ctl','/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/orcldg02.ctl'

        *.log_file_name_convert='/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/','/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/'

        *.db_unique_name='orcldg'

        *.fal_client='orcldg'

        *.fal_server='orcl1'

        *.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(orcl1,orcldg)'

        *.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/orcl/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/ VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcldg'

        *.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=orcl1 LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl1'

        *.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'

        *.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'

        *.standby_file_management='AUTO'

        *.log_archive_format=%t_%s_%r.arc

        *.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE

4. listener.ora和tnsnames.ora文件不用做任何修改

5. 启动（rman备份恢复完成后）

        alter database mount standby database;

        alter database open read only;

        alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

        alter database set standby database to maximize availability;

6. 查询验证

        select switchover_status,open_mode,database_role,db_unique_name,protection_mode,protection_level from v$database;

        select SEQUENCE#,FIRST_TIME,NEXT_TIME ,APPLIED from v$archived_log order by 1;

        select max(sequence#) from v$log;

        

7. 关机

        alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

        shutdown immediate;

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