对于除绑定变量外其余相同的SQL语句,PostgreSQL提供了Prepared Statement用于缓存Plan,以达到Oracle中cursor_sharing=force的目的.

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PSQL
通过prepare语句,可为SQL生成Prepared Statement,减少Plan的时间

[local]:5432 pg12@testdb=# explain (analyze,verbose) select * from t_prewarm where id = 1;
                                                             QUERY PLAN                     
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Index Scan using idx_t_prewarm_id on public.t_prewarm  (cost=0.42..8.44 rows=1 width=13) (a
ctual time=0.125..0.127 rows=1 loops=1)
   Output: id, c1
   Index Cond: (t_prewarm.id = 1)
 Planning Time: 0.613 ms
 Execution Time: 0.181 ms
(5 rows)
Time: 2.021 ms
[local]:5432 pg12@testdb=# explain (analyze,verbose) select * from t_prewarm where id = 1;
                                                             QUERY PLAN                     
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Index Scan using idx_t_prewarm_id on public.t_prewarm  (cost=0.42..8.44 rows=1 width=13) (a
ctual time=0.184..0.193 rows=1 loops=1)
   Output: id, c1
   Index Cond: (t_prewarm.id = 1)
 Planning Time: 0.520 ms
 Execution Time: 0.276 ms
(5 rows)

不使用prepare,可看到每次的Planning时间比Execution时间还要长

[local]:5432 pg12@testdb=# prepare p(int) as select * from t_prewarm where id=$1;
PREPARE
Time: 1.000 ms
[local]:5432 pg12@testdb=# explain (analyze,verbose) execute p(2);
                                                             QUERY PLAN                     
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Index Scan using idx_t_prewarm_id on public.t_prewarm  (cost=0.42..8.44 rows=1 width=13) (a
ctual time=0.037..0.039 rows=1 loops=1)
   Output: id, c1
   Index Cond: (t_prewarm.id = 2)
 Planning Time: 0.323 ms
 Execution Time: 0.076 ms
(5 rows)
Time: 1.223 ms
[local]:5432 pg12@testdb=# explain (analyze,verbose) execute p(3);
                                                             QUERY PLAN                     
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------
 Index Scan using idx_t_prewarm_id on public.t_prewarm  (cost=0.42..8.44 rows=1 width=13) (a
ctual time=0.077..0.081 rows=1 loops=1)
   Output: id, c1
   Index Cond: (t_prewarm.id = $1)
 Planning Time: 0.042 ms
 Execution Time: 0.174 ms
(5 rows)
Time: 1.711 ms
[local]:5432 pg12@testdb=# explain (analyze,verbose) execute p(4);
                                                             QUERY PLAN                     
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------
 Index Scan using idx_t_prewarm_id on public.t_prewarm  (cost=0.42..8.44 rows=1 width=13) (a
ctual time=0.042..0.044 rows=1 loops=1)
   Output: id, c1
   Index Cond: (t_prewarm.id = $1)
 Planning Time: 0.019 ms
 Execution Time: 0.084 ms
(5 rows)

使用prepare,可看到Planning时间明显降低

JDBC Driver
下面是测试代码

/*
 * TestPlanCache 
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2004-2016, Denis Lussier
 * Copyright (C) 2016, Jan Wieck
 *
 */
package testPG;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Properties;
public class TestPGPlanCache {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement stmt = null;
        String rLine = null;
        StringBuffer sql = new StringBuffer();
        try {
            Properties ini = new Properties();
            // ini.load(new FileInputStream(System.getProperty("prop")));
            // Register jdbcDriver
            Class.forName("org.postgresql.Driver");
            // make connection
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:postgresql://192.168.26.28:5432/testdb", "pg12", "pg12");
            conn.setAutoCommit(true);
            PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement("SELECT * from t_prewarm where id = ?");
            // cast to the pg extension interface
            org.postgresql.PGStatement pgstmt = pstmt.unwrap(org.postgresql.PGStatement.class);
            // on the third execution start using server side statements
            // pgstmt.setPrepareThreshold(3);
            for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
                pstmt.setInt(1, i);
                boolean usingServerPrepare = pgstmt.isUseServerPrepare();
                ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
                rs.next();
                System.out.println(
                        "Execution: " + i + ", Used server side: " + usingServerPrepare + ", Result: " + rs.getInt(1));
                rs.close();
            }
            pstmt.close();
        } catch (SQLException se) {
            System.out.println(se.getMessage());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            // exit Cleanly
        } finally {
            try {
                if (conn != null)
                    conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException se) {
                se.printStackTrace();
            } // end finally
        } // end try
    } // end main
} // end ExecJDBC Class

输出为

Execution: 1, Used server side: false, Result: 1
Execution: 2, Used server side: false, Result: 2
Execution: 3, Used server side: false, Result: 3
Execution: 4, Used server side: false, Result: 4
Execution: 5, Used server side: true, Result: 5
Execution: 6, Used server side: true, Result: 6
Execution: 7, Used server side: true, Result: 7
Execution: 8, Used server side: true, Result: 8
Execution: 9, Used server side: true, Result: 9
Execution: 10, Used server side: true, Result: 10

5次后开始使用服务器端的Prepared Statement.

参考资料
Server Prepared Statements