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MYSQL的安装分三种：命令行安装、二进制安装和源码安装
命令行安装相对而言简单，我们就不做过多陈述，今天就着重讲讲MYSQL的源码安装
编译安装过程描述：

•     1.下载源代码

•     2.检查源码编译所需的依赖包是否齐全

•     3.解压编译

•     4.make && make install

•     5.初始化数据目录

•     6.数据库权限设置

•     7.定义启动方式

软件安装的常规约定：

•     软件安装包放在/usr/local/src下

•     软件根目录basedir在/usr/local/xxx下,如：/usr/local/mysql

•     配置文件在/etc/下，如：/etc/my.cnf

•     数据目录datadir一般放在单独的磁盘上

•     mysql服务名为mysqld

========
准备
========
#创建数据目录
[root@xxx ~]# mkdir /data/mysql
#创建根目录
[root@xxx ~]# mkdir /usr/local/mysqlrp
#进入软件存放目录
[root@xxx ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@xxx src]# mv /root/mysql-5.6.24.tar.gz .
[root@xxx src]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.24.tar.gz
[root@xxx src]# cd mysql-5.6.24
#检查cmake是否安装，如果未安装，请使用yum install cmake或其它方式安装
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# which cmake
    /usr/bin/cmake
#安装必备的依赖包
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# yum install ncurses-devel
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# yum install bison
#=======
编译
#=======
cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysqlrp \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci

[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# ls /usr/local/mysqlrp/
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]#
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# ls /data/mysql/
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]#
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# make
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# ls /usr/local/mysqlrp/
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# ls /data/mysql/
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]#
#make install时才会在根目录下生成文件
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# make install
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# ls /usr/local/mysqlrp/
    bin      data  include         lib  mysql-test  scripts  sql-bench
    COPYING  docs  INSTALL-BINARY  man  README      share    support-files
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# ls /data/mysql/
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]#
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# cd /usr/local/mysqlrp/
#创建mysql管理用户及组
[root@xxx mysqlrp]# groupadd mysql
[root@xxx mysqlrp]# useradd mysql -g mysql
#修改配置文件，修改根目录、数据目录位置。
[root@xxx local]# vi /etc/my.cnf
    ...
    [mysqld]
    basedir=/usr/local/mysqlrp   
    datadir=/data/mysql
#初始化数据目录
[root@xxx mysqlrp]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &
#制作mysql服务mysqld
[root@xxx mysqlrp]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
#修改各个目录对应权限
[root@xxx mysqlrp]#chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysqlrp
[root@xxx mysqlrp]#chown -R mysql.mysql  /data/mysql
[root@xxx mysqlrp]#chown mysql.mysql  /etc/my.cnf
[root@xxx mysqlrp]#chown mysql.mysql  /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@xxx mysqlrp]#chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysqlrp
[root@xxx mysqlrp]#chmod -R 755 /data/mysql
root@xxx mysqlrp]#chmod  644 /etc/my.cnf
[root@xxx mysqlrp]#chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
#启动mysql服务
[root@xxx local]# service mysqld start
   Starting MySQL.          
[  OK  ]

#=======
#源码编译常见依赖包
#=======
kernel-headers-2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64.rpm
glibc-headers-2.12-1.107.el6.x86_64.rpm
glibc-devel-2.12-1.107.el6.x86_64.rpm
cpp-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
gcc-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
gcc-c++-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
autoconf-2.63-5.1.el6.noarch.rpm
automake-1.11.1-4.el6.noarch.rpm
zlib-1.2.3-29.el6.x86_64.rpm
ncurses-devel-5.7-3.20090208.el6.x86_64.rpm
libgcrypt-1.4.5-9.el6_2.2.x86_64.rpm
libtool-2.2.6-15.5.el6.x86_64.rpm
bison-2.4.1-5.el6.x86_64.rpm

#=======
#附实验2则，解释常见疑问
#实验1说明，数据目录初始化的时候，必须在根目录basedir下初始化目录(具体数据目录可以自定义)，使用初始化脚本进行初始化。
#实验2说明，数据库在编译的时候会修改源码里面的内容，例如src/mysql-5.6.24/support-files/mysql.server ,会将根目录修改为编译时指定的根目录
#        数据库编译时指定数据目录，安装完成后mysql工具没有指定数据目录且根目录下没有data目录会优先将编译时指定的数据目录作为自己的数据目录
#=======

点击(此处)折叠或打开

1. #=======

2.     #实验1

3.     #=======

4.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# mkdir /tmp/test

5.     #=======

6.     #测试进入临时目录，做数据目录初始化

7.     #=======

8.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# cd /tmp/test/

9.     [root@xxx test]# /usr/local/mysqlrp/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql &

10.             [1] 36700

11.             [root@xxx test]# FATAL ERROR: Could not find ./bin/my_print_defaults

13.             If you compiled from source, you need to run 'make install' to

14.             copy the software into the correct location ready for operation.

16.             If you are using a binary release, you must either be at the top

17.             level of the extracted archive, or pass the --basedir option

18.             pointing to that location.

21.             [1]+ Exit 1 /usr/local/mysqlrp/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

22.     [root@xxx test]# /usr/local/mysqlrp/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql &

23.             [1] 36704

24.             [root@xxx test]# FATAL ERROR: Could not find ./bin/my_print_defaults

25.             

26.             If you compiled from source, you need to run 'make install' to

27.             opy the software into the correct location ready for operation.

28.             

29.             If you are using a binary release, you must either be at the top

30.             level of the extracted archive, or pass the --basedir option

31.             pointing to that location.

32.             

33.            

34.             [1]+ Exit 1 /usr/local/mysqlrp/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql

35.     [root@xxx test]# /usr/local/mysqlrp/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysqlrp --datadir=/data/mysql &

36.     #=======

37.     #指定了根目录后总算初始化成功

38.     #=======

39.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

40.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql

41.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql/

42.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# mkdir log

43.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# chown -R mysql.mysql log

44.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

45.             [1] 37694

46.             [root@xxx mysqlrp]# 151113 15:45:58 mysqld_safe Logging to '/data/mysql/zc-appname-ip-ip.err'.

47.             151113 15:45:59 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/mysql

48.             151113 15:45:59 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /data/mysql/zc-appname-ip-ip.pid ended

49.             

50.             [1]+ Done ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql

51.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# ps -ef|grep mysql

52.             root 37847 12729 0 15:46 pts/3 00:00:00 grep mysql

53.     #=======

54.     #试图启动，失败

55.     #=======

56.     [root@xxx local]# mv mysqlrp/ mysql

57.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql

58.     [root@xxx local]# mv mysql/ mysqlrp

59.     [root@xxx local]# service mysqld start

60.     Starting MySQL.The server quit without updating PID file (/data/mysql/zc-appname-ip-ip.pid). [FAILED]

61.     #=======

62.     #试图启动，失败

63.     #=======

64.     [root@xxx local]# cd mysqlrp/

65.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# ./bin/mysqld

66.     mysqld mysqld_multi mysqld_safe mysqldump mysqldumpslow

67.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql&

68.     [1] 38052

69.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# 151113 15:49:31 mysqld_safe Logging to '/data/mysql/zc-appname-ip-ip.err'.

70.     151113 15:49:31 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/mysql

71.     151113 15:49:32 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /data/mysql/zc-appname-ip-ip.pid ended

73.     [1]+ Done ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql

74.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# ps -ef|grep mysql

75.     root 38205 12729 0 15:49 pts/3 00:00:00 grep mysql

76.     #=======

77.     #试图启动，失败

78.     #=======

79.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/ &

80.     #=======

81.     #初始化数据目录成功

82.     #=======

83.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysqlrp/data/ &

84.     #=======

85.     #再次初始化数据目录，成功

86.     #=======

87.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

88.     [1] 38312

89.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# 151113 15:56:03 mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local/mysqlrp/data/zc-appname-ip-ip.err'.

90.     151113 15:56:03 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysqlrp/data

92.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# ps -ef|grep mysql

93.     root 38312 12729 0 15:56 pts/3 00:00:00 /bin/sh ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql

94.     mysql 38441 38312 3 15:56 pts/3 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysqlrp/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysqlrp --datadir=/usr/local/mysqlrp/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysqlrp/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/usr/local/mysqlrp/data/zc-appname-ip-ip.err --pid-file=/usr/local/mysqlrp/data/zc-appname-ip-ip.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

95.     root 38465 12729 0 15:56 pts/3 00:00:00 grep mysql

96.     #=======

97.     #试图启动，成功

98.     #=======

100.     #=======

101.     #实验2

102.     #=======

103.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# 151113 15:56:43 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /usr/local/mysqlrp/data/zc-appname-ip-ip.pid ended

104.     ps

105.       PID TTY TIME CMD

106.     12729 pts/3 00:00:00 bash

107.     38471 pts/3 00:00:00 ps

108.     [1]+ Done ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql

109.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# ps -ef|grep mysql

110.     root 38473 12729 0 15:56 pts/3 00:00:00 grep mysql

111.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# service mysqld start

112.     Starting MySQL.The server quit without updating PID file (/[FAILED]ql/zc-appname-ip-ip.pid).

113.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]#

114.     [root@xxx local]# cp src/mysql-5.6.24/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqldcp: overwrite `/etc/init.d/mysqld'? y

115.     [root@xxx local]# service mysqld start

116.     /etc/init.d/mysqld: line 256: my_print_defaults: command not found

117.     /etc/init.d/mysqld: line 276: cd: /usr/local/mysqlrp: No such file or directory

118.     Starting MySQLCouldn't find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysqlr[FAILED]sqld_safe)

119.     [root@xxx local]# mv mysql mysqlrp

120.     [root@xxx local]# service mysqld start

121.     Starting MySQL.The server quit without updating PID file (/[FAILED]ql/zc-appname-ip-ip.pid).

122.     [root@xxx local]# vi /etc/my.cnf

123.         datadir=xxxx

124.     [root@xxx local]# service mysqld start

125.     Starting MySQL.

126.     [ OK ]

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