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在mysql中随机生成一些范围内的整数,可以借助mysql提供的二个函数来实现。
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它们是floor()与rand()函数,下面分别介绍下。
1、floor(f)
返回一个不大于f的最大整数
2、rand(),rand(n)
返回一个随机浮点值 v ,范围在 0 到1 之间 (即, 其范围为 0 ≤ v ≤ 1.0)。若已指定一个整数参数 N ,则它被用作种子值,用来产生重复序列。
若要在i ≤ R ≤ j 这个范围得到一个随机整数R ,需要用到表达式 FLOOR(i + RAND() * (j – i + 1))。
例如, 在7到 12 的范围(包括7和12)内得到一个随机整数,使用语句:
SELECT FLOOR(7 + (RAND() * 6));
MYSQL 取随机数
2010年04月26日 星期一 09:48
mysql 取随机数
--对一个表取任意随机数
SELECT *
FROM TMP_XF_TEST
WHERE ID = (SELECT FLOOR(RAND() * (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM TMP_XF_TEST)))
order by id LIMIT 1;
--有条件性的取随机数
SELECT *
FROM TMP_XF_TEST
WHERE ID = (SELECT FLOOR(RAND() *
((SELECT MAX(ID) FROM TMP_XF_TEST WHERE GID = 9) -
(SELECT MIN(ID) FROM TMP_XF_TEST WHERE GID = 9))) +
(SELECT MIN(ID) FROM TMP_XF_TEST WHERE GID = 9))
AND GID = 9
ORDER BY ID LIMIT 1;
--gid上存在索引
或者
SELECT *
FROM TMP_XF_TEST AS t1 JOIN
(SELECT ROUND(RAND() * ((SELECT MAX(id) FROM TMP_XF_TEST WHERE GID = 9)-(SELECT MIN(id) FROM TMP_XF_TEST WHERE GID = 9))
+(SELECT MIN(id) FROM TMP_XF_TEST WHERE GID = 9)) AS id) AS t2
WHERE t1.id = t2.id AND t1.GID = 9
ORDER BY t1.id LIMIT 1;
#########
不要用下面的杯具写法
mysql insert into tmp_xf_test(user_nick,gid,item_id,gmt_create,gmt_modified,memo)
- select user_nick,gid,item_id,gmt_create,gmt_modified,memo from tmp_xf_test;
Query OK, 165888 rows affected (9.65 sec)
Records: 165888 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql SELECT *
- FROM `tmp_xf_test`
- WHERE id = (SELECT FLOOR( MAX(id) * RAND()) FROM `tmp_xf_test` )
- ORDER BY id LIMIT 1;
+-----+-----------+-----+---------+---------------------+---------------------+--------------------+
| id | user_nick | gid | item_id | gmt_create | gmt_modified | memo |
+-----+-----------+-----+---------+---------------------+---------------------+--------------------+
| 467 | 玄风 | 9 | 123 | 2010-04-26 14:56:39 | 2010-04-26 14:56:39 | 玄风测试使用的数据 |
+-----+-----------+-----+---------+---------------------+---------------------+--------------------+
1 row in set (51.12 sec)
mysql explain SELECT *
- FROM `tmp_xf_test`
- WHERE id = (SELECT FLOOR( MAX(id) * RAND()) FROM `tmp_xf_test` )
- ORDER BY id LIMIT 1\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: PRIMARY
table: tmp_xf_test
type: index
possible_keys: NULL
key: PRIMARY
key_len: 8
ref: NULL
rows: 1
Extra: Using where
*************************** 2. row ***************************
id: 2
select_type: UNCACHEABLE SUBQUERY
table: tmp_xf_test
type: index
possible_keys: NULL
key: idx_tmp_xf_test_gid
key_len: 4
ref: NULL
rows: 331954
Extra: Using index
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
---
mysql SELECT * FROM `tmp_xf_test` t1 join
- (SELECT FLOOR( MAX(id) * RAND()) as id FROM `tmp_xf_test` ) as t2
- where t1.id =t2.id
- ORDER BY t1.id LIMIT 1;
+-------+-----------+-----+---------+---------------------+---------------------+--------------------+-------+
| id | user_nick | gid | item_id | gmt_create | gmt_modified | memo | id |
+-------+-----------+-----+---------+---------------------+---------------------+--------------------+-------+
| 40311 | 玄风 | 9 | 123 | 2010-04-28 15:47:19 | 2010-04-28 15:47:19 | 玄风测试使用的数据 | 40311 |
+-------+-----------+-----+---------+---------------------+---------------------+--------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.14 sec)
##############
mysql SELECT * FROM `tmp_xf_test`
- WHERE id = (SELECT floor(RAND() * (SELECT MAX(id) FROM `tmp_xf_test`)))
- ORDER BY id LIMIT 1;
+------+-----------+-----+---------+---------------------+---------------------+--------------------+
| id | user_nick | gid | item_id | gmt_create | gmt_modified | memo |
+------+-----------+-----+---------+---------------------+---------------------+--------------------+
| 1352 | 玄风 | 9 | 123 | 2010-04-28 15:47:19 | 2010-04-28 15:47:19 | 玄风测试使用的数据 |
+------+-----------+-----+---------+---------------------+---------------------+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql explain SELECT * FROM `tmp_xf_test`
- WHERE id = (SELECT floor(RAND() * (SELECT MAX(id) FROM `tmp_xf_test`)))
- ORDER BY id LIMIT 1\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: PRIMARY
table: tmp_xf_test
type: index
possible_keys: NULL
key: PRIMARY
key_len: 8
ref: NULL
rows: 1
Extra: Using where
*************************** 2. row ***************************
id: 3
select_type: SUBQUERY
table: NULL
type: NULL
possible_keys: NULL
key: NULL
key_len: NULL
ref: NULL
rows: NULL
Extra: Select tables optimized away
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
对应的另外一种杯具写法是:
SELECT *
FROM TMP_XF_TEST
WHERE ID = (SELECT FLOOR(RAND() * (MAX(ID) - MIN(ID))) + MIN(ID) MID
FROM TMP_XF_TEST
WHERE GID = 9)
AND GID = 9 LIMIT 1;
1、首先通过控制台一直输入一个整数,比较该数与系统随机生成的那个数。
2、其次如果大就输出“猜大了。”,继续输入。如果小就输出“猜小了。”。
3、最后继续输入;如果相等就输出“恭喜,猜对了。”,退出输出。
mysql的rand函数可以生成一个0到1之间的随机数,进行一定的放大即可得到一个随机数。再通过条件查询来限制新随机数没有在表中出现过。如下所示:
SELECT FLOOR(RAND() * 99999) AS random_numFROM numbers
WHERE "random_num" NOT IN (SELECT my_number FROM numbers)
LIMIT 1
给你提供一个思路你看是否可行;
1.随机数不用MYSQL生成,用程序(如PHP)生成,范围在ID的最大和最小之间;
2.根据生成的随机数去数据库直接查询,如果没有就重复一次操作;
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