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背景:最近有个需求,需要根据品牌名(varchar)去重数据。去重后发现数据有丢失。
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问题:MySql中字符串大小写默认不区分。
整个例子实验一下。像平常一样建一张表,插入两条数据。
执行如下脚本,查询出来两条数据,确实是不区分大小写的。
2.设置字符集和排序方式;
3.创建表的时候指定binary类型,或者更改字段类型;
4.在MySQL的配置文件my.ini中增加一行:lower_case_table_names = 0;
其中 0:区分大小写,1:不区分大小写。(这种方法我并没有尝试。)
1、linux下mysql安装完后是默认:区分表名的大小写,不区分列名的大小写;
2、用root帐号登录后,在/etc/my.cnf 中的[mysqld]后添加添加lower_case_table_names=1,重启MYSQL服务,这时已设置成功:不区分表名的大小写;
lower_case_table_names参数详解:
lower_case_table_names = 0
其中 0:区分大小写,1:不区分大小写
MySQL在Linux下数据库名、表名、列名、别名大小写规则是这样的:
1、数据库名与表名是严格区分大小写的;
2、表的别名是严格区分大小写的;
3、列名与列的别名在所有的情况下均是忽略大小写的;
4、变量名也是严格区分大小写的;
MySQL在Windows下都不区分大小写。
3、如果想在查询时区分字段值的大小写,则:字段值需要设置BINARY属性,设置的方法有多种:
A、创建时设置:
CREATE TABLE T(
A VARCHAR(10) BINARY
);
B、使用alter修改:
ALTER TABLE `tablename` MODIFY COLUMN `cloname` VARCHAR(45) BINARY;
C、mysql table editor中直接勾选BINARY项。
1.问题描述
mysql版本:mariadb 10.1.16,采用utf8-ci,不区分大小写的排序规则。
开发人员反应业务要求要区分大小写,就是说当输入小写条件时,只能返回小写条件对应的数据,不能返回大写。
dba@192.168.19.215:3306mdls01:58:57SELECT
- cabinet_no
- FROM
- go_task_ycon_refrence gtyr
- WHERE
- 1 = 1
- AND cabinet_no = 'abcd4499503'
- ORDER BY
- 1 ASC;
+-------------+
| cabinet_no |
+-------------+
| ABCD4499503 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2.问题解决
在条件字段后面加COLLATE utf8_bin ,或在表级或字段级指定COLLATE utf8_bin
dba@192.168.19.215:3306mdls02:08:08SELECT
- cabinet_no
- FROM
- gtyr
- WHERE
- 1 = 1
- AND cabinet_no COLLATE utf8_bin = 'ABCDU4499503'
- ORDER BY
- 1 ASC;
+-------------+
| cabinet_no |
+-------------+
| ABCD4499503 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
dba@192.168.19.215:3306mdls02:08:43SELECT
- cabinet_no
- FROM
- gtyr
- WHERE
- 1 = 1
- AND cabinet_no COLLATE utf8_bin = 'abcd4499503'
- ORDER BY
- 1 ASC;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
1、一种方法是可以设置表或行的collation,使其为binary或case
sensitive。在MySQL中,对于Column
Collate其约定的命名方法如下:
*_bin:
表示的是binary
case
sensitive
collation,也就是说是区分大小写的
*_cs:
case
sensitive
collation,区分大小写
*_ci:
case
insensitive
collation,不区分大小写
###########
#
Start
binary
collation
example
###########
mysql
create
table
case_bin_test
(word
VARCHAR(10))
CHARACTER
SET
latin1
COLLATE
latin1_bin;
Query
OK,
rows
affected
(0.02
sec)
mysql
INSERT
INTO
case_bin_test
VALUES
('Frank'),('Google'),('froogle'),('flickr'),('FlicKr');
Query
OK,
5
rows
affected
(0.00
sec)
Records:
5
Duplicates:
Warnings:
mysql
SELECT
*
FROM
case_bin_test
WHERE
word
LIKE
'f%';
+---------+
|
word
|
+---------+
|
froogle
|
|
flickr
|
+---------+
2
rows
in
set
(0.00
sec)
mysql
SELECT
*
FROM
case_bin_test
WHERE
word
LIKE
'F%';
+---------+
|
word
|
+---------+
|
Frank
|
|
FlicKr
|
+---------+
4
rows
in
set
(0.00
sec)
###########
#
End
###########
2、另外一种方法
###########
#
Start
case
sensitive
collation
example
###########
mysql
create
table
case_cs_test
(word
VARCHAR(10))
CHARACTER
SET
latin1
COLLATE
latin1_general_cs;
Query
OK,
rows
affected
(0.08
sec)
mysql
INSERT
INTO
case_cs_test
VALUES
('Frank'),('Google'),('froogle'),('flickr'),('FlicKr');
Query
OK,
5
rows
affected
(0.00
sec)
Records:
5
Duplicates:
Warnings:
mysql
SELECT
*
FROM
case_cs_test
WHERE
word
LIKE
'F%';
+---------+
|
word
|
+---------+
|
Frank
|
|
FlicKr
|
+---------+
4
rows
in
set
(0.00
sec)
mysql
SELECT
*
FROM
case_cs_test
WHERE
word
LIKE
'f%';
+---------+
|
word
|
+---------+
|
froogle
|
|
flickr
|
+---------+
2
rows
in
set
(0.00
sec)
###########
#
end
###########
3、还有一种方法就是在查询时指定collation
mysql
create
table
case_test
(word
VARCHAR(10))
CHARACTER
SET
latin1;
Query
OK,
rows
affected
(0.01
sec)
mysql
INSERT
INTO
case_test
VALUES
('Frank'),('Google'),('froogle'),('flickr'),('FlicKr');
Query
OK,
7
rows
affected
(0.01
sec)
Records:
7
Duplicates:
Warnings:
mysql
SELECT
*
FROM
case_test
WHERE
word
LIKE
'f%';
+---------+
|
word
|
+---------+
|
Frank
|
|
froogle
|
|
flickr
|
|
FlicKr
|
+---------+
6
rows
in
set
(0.01
sec)
mysql
SELECT
*
FROM
case_test
WHERE
word
LIKE
'F%';
+---------+
|
word
|
+---------+
|
Frank
|
|
froogle
|
|
flickr
|
|
FlicKr
|
+---------+
6
rows
in
set
(0.01
sec)
mysql
SELECT
*
FROM
case_test
WHERE
word
COLLATE
latin1_bin
LIKE
'F%';
+---------+
|
word
|
+---------+
|
Frank
|
|
FlicKr
|
+---------+
4
rows
in
set
(0.05
sec)
mysql
SELECT
*
FROM
case_test
WHERE
word
COLLATE
latin1_bin
LIKE
'f%';
+---------+
|
word
|
+---------+
|
froogle
|
|
flickr
|
+---------+
2
rows
in
set
(0.00
sec)
mysql
SELECT
*
FROM
case_test
WHERE
word
LIKE
'f%'
COLLATE
latin1_bin;
+---------+
|
word
|
+---------+
|
froogle
|
|
flickr
|
+---------+
2
rows
in
set
(0.00
sec)
mysql
SELECT
*
FROM
case_test
WHERE
word
LIKE
'F%'
COLLATE
latin1_bin;
+---------+
|
word
|
+---------+
|
Frank
|
|
FlicKr
|
+---------+
4
rows
in
set
(0.01
sec)
mysql
SELECT
*
FROM
case_test
WHERE
word
LIKE
'F%'
COLLATE
latin1_general_cs;
+---------+
|
word
|
+---------+
|
Frank
|
|
FlicKr
|
+---------+
4
rows
in
set
(0.04
sec)
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解答本文疑问/技术咨询/运营咨询/技术建议/互联网交流