在Oracle 10g下，我们可以使用RMAN duplicate 命令创建一个具有不同DBID 的复制库。 到了Oracle 11gR2， RMAN 的duplicate 有2种方法实现：

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       1. Active database duplication

       2. Backup-based duplication

 

       Active database duplication 通过网络，直接copy target 库到auxiliary 库，然后创建复制库。 这种方法就不需要先用RMAN 备份数据库，然后将备份文件发送到auxiliary端。

       这个功能的作用是非常大的。 尤其是对T级别的库。 因为对这样的库进行备份，然后将备份集发送到备库，在进行duplicate 的代价是非常大的。 一备份要占用时间，二要占用备份空间，三在网络传送的时候，还需要占用带宽和时间。所以Active database duplicate 很好的解决了以上的问题。 它对大库的迁移非常有用。

 

       如果是从RAC duplicate 到单实例，操作是一样的。 如果是从单实例duplicate 到RAC。 那么先duplicate 到 单实例。 然后将单实例转换成RAC。

 

Oracle 10g 下Rman duplicate 的例子参考：

       RMAN 异机 复制数据库

       http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2010/07/20/5749932.aspx

 

下面我们看一下11gR2下，Active Database Duplicate的步骤如下：

 

1. 创建Auxiliary 库的Initialization Parameter：

       如果使用spfile，那么在pfile文件里只需要设置一个DB_NAME参数，其他参数会在duplicate 命令中自己设置。

       如果使用pfile，那么需要设置如下参数：

              DB_NAME

              CONTROL_FILES

              DB_BLOCK_SIZE

              DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT

              LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT

              DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

 

2. 在Auxiliary库创建Password File 文件

       对于Backup-based duplication，Password File 不是必须的，但是对于Active Database Duplication，Password File是必须的。 因为Active Database Duplication 使用相同的SYSDBA 密码直接连接到auxiliary 库。 所以，确保target 和Auxiliary库的SYSDBA 密码一样很重要。

 

       当然，我们也可以在duplicate 命令中加上PASSWORD FILE 选项（也是默认值）， 这样RMAN 在copy 的时候也会从target 库把密码文件copy过来，如果auxiliary库上已经存在了Password file，那么该操作会重写那个文件。

如：

RMAN> DUPLICATE TARGET DATABASE TO Dave

2> FROM ACTIVE DATABASE

3> NOFILENAMECHECK

4> PASSWORD FILE

5> SPFILE;

 

3. 如果是windows 平台，还需要创建Database service：

% set ORACLE_SID=DAVE
% set ORACLE_HOME=E:/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1
% oradim -NEW -SID DAVE

 

 

4. 配置oracle net，修改listener.ora和the tnsnames.ora 文件：

在Target 库和Auxiliary 都要修改。这个也可以使用netca 和netmgr命令配置。

 

Listener.ora

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 admin]$ cat listener.ora

LISTENER =

  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =

    (DESCRIPTION =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost6.localdomain6)(PORT = 1521))

    )

  )

 

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

 

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

  (SID_LIST =

    (SID_DESC =

      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)

      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)

      (SID_NAME = orcl)

    )

  )

 

tnsname.ora

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora

ORCL_ST =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS_LIST =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.43)(PORT = 1521))

    )

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

    )

  )

 

ORCL_PD =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS_LIST =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.42)(PORT = 1521))

    )

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

    )

  )

 

 

5. 用第一步创建的pfile文件，将Auxiliary启动到nomout 状态。 然后进行Active Database duplicate。

 

 

 

我们看一个完整的复制示例：

Target DB：

IP: 192.168.2.42

SID：orcl

 

Auxiliary：

IP：192.168.2.43

SID:orcl

 

我这里复制的目录相同。 如果不同的话需要在pfile里面加入db_file_name_convert和log_file_name_convert.

 

1. 在Auxiliary 创建pfile 参数文件：

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh3 dbs]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh3 dbs]$ cat initorcl.ora

DB_NAME=orcl

 

只有一个参数： DB_NAME

 

2. 在Auxiliary库上创建口令文件

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh3 admin]$ orapwd file=?/dbs/orapworcl password=oracle

 

3. 在Auxiliary库创建相关的目录结构：

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh3 trace]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl

不然在duplicate时会报如下错误：

ORA-19505: failed to identify file "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf"

ORA-27040: file create error, unable to create file

 

4. 启动Auxiliary 到nomout 状态：

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh3 admin]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Mar 8 00:28:48 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> conn / as sysdba;

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount pfile=?/dbs/initorcl.ora

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  146472960 bytes

Fixed Size                  1335080 bytes

Variable Size              92274904 bytes

Database Buffers           50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers                2531328 bytes

SQL>

 

5. 在Target 和Auxiliary 都配置Oracle Net（Listener.ora and tnsnames.ora）：

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 admin]$ cat listener.ora

LISTENER =

  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =

    (DESCRIPTION =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost6.localdomain6)(PORT = 1521))

    )

  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

  (SID_LIST =

    (SID_DESC =

      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)

      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)

      (SID_NAME = orcl)

    )

  )

 

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora

ORCL_ST =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS_LIST =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.43)(PORT = 1521))

    )

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

    )

  )

 

ORCL_PD =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS_LIST =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.42)(PORT = 1521))

    )

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

    )

  )

 

 

6. 开始RMAN duplicate from active database：

 

       注意：如果target 和 Auxiliary库的目录结构相同，记得加上nofilenamecheck参数，不然会报如下错误：

       RMAN-05001: auxiliary file name /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf conflicts with a file used by the target database

 

       如果目录不同，在pfile里加如下2个参数进行转换：

              db_file_name_convert

              log_file_name_convert.

 

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh3 dbs]$ rman target sys/oracle@orcl_pd auxiliary sys/oracle@orcl_st

 

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Mar 8 01:01:42 2011

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

 

connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1272955137)

connected to auxiliary database: ORCL (not mounted)

 

RMAN> duplicate target database to orcl from active database nofilenamecheck;

 

Starting Duplicate Db at 08-MAR-11

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK

 

contents of Memory Script:

{

   sql clone "create spfile from memory";

}

executing Memory Script

 

sql statement: create spfile from memory

 

contents of Memory Script:

{

   shutdown clone immediate;

   startup clone nomount;

}

executing Memory Script

 

Oracle instance shut down

 

connected to auxiliary database (not started)

Oracle instance started

 

Total System Global Area     146472960 bytes

 

Fixed Size                     1335080 bytes

Variable Size                 92274904 bytes

Database Buffers              50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers                   2531328 bytes

 

contents of Memory Script:

{

   sql clone "alter system set  db_name =

 ''ORCL'' comment=

 ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";

   sql clone "alter system set  db_unique_name =

 ''ORCL'' comment=

 ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";

   shutdown clone immediate;

   startup clone force nomount

   backup as copy current controlfile auxiliary format  '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/cntrlorcl.dbf';

   alter clone database mount;

}

executing Memory Script

 

sql statement: alter system set  db_name =  ''ORCL'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile

 

sql statement: alter system set  db_unique_name =  ''ORCL'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile

 

Oracle instance shut down

 

Oracle instance started

 

Total System Global Area     146472960 bytes

 

Fixed Size                     1335080 bytes

Variable Size                 92274904 bytes

Database Buffers              50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers                   2531328 bytes

 

Starting backup at 08-MAR-11

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=43 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

copying current control file

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f tag=TAG20110308T010214 RECID=3 STAMP=745203735

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 08-MAR-11

 

database mounted

 

contents of Memory Script:

{

   set newname for datafile  1 to

 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf";

   set newname for datafile  2 to

 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf";

   set newname for datafile  3 to

 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf";

   set newname for datafile  4 to

 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf";

   backup as copy reuse

   datafile  1 auxiliary format

 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf"   datafile

 2 auxiliary format

 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf"   datafile

 3 auxiliary format

 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf"   datafile

 4 auxiliary format

 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf"   ;

   sql 'alter system archive log current';

}

executing Memory Script

 

executing command: SET NEWNAME

 

executing command: SET NEWNAME

 

executing command: SET NEWNAME

 

executing command: SET NEWNAME

 

Starting backup at 08-MAR-11

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

--在这里开始copy 数据文件，比较慢。

input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T010221

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T010221

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T010221

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T010221

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 08-MAR-11

 

sql statement: alter system archive log current

 

contents of Memory Script:

{

   backup as copy reuse

   archivelog like  "/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2011_03_08/o1_mf_1_7_6qb3zyoo_.arc" auxiliary format

 "/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch2_7_745174404.dbf"   ;

   catalog clone archivelog  "/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch2_7_745174404.dbf";

   switch clone datafile all;

}

executing Memory Script

 

Starting backup at 08-MAR-11

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log copy

input archived log thread=1 sequence=7 RECID=3 STAMP=745203841

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch2_7_745174404.dbf RECID=0 STAMP=0

channel ORA_DISK_1: archived log copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07

Finished backup at 08-MAR-11

 

cataloged archived log

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch2_7_745174404.dbf RECID=3 STAMP=745203848

 

datafile 1 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=745203849 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

datafile 2 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=745203849 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

datafile 3 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=745203849 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

datafile 4 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=745203849 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

 

contents of Memory Script:

{

   set until scn  844147;

   recover

   clone database

    delete archivelog

   ;

}

executing Memory Script

 

executing command: SET until clause

 

Starting recover at 08-MAR-11

allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=18 device type=DISK

 

starting media recovery

 

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 7 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch2_7_745174404.dbf

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch2_7_745174404.dbf thread=1 sequence=7

media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished recover at 08-MAR-11

 

contents of Memory Script:

{

   shutdown clone immediate;

   startup clone nomount;

   sql clone "alter system set  db_name =

 ''ORCL'' comment=

 ''Reset to original value by RMAN'' scope=spfile";

   sql clone "alter system reset  db_unique_name scope=spfile";

   shutdown clone immediate;

   startup clone nomount;

}

executing Memory Script

 

database dismounted

Oracle instance shut down

 

connected to auxiliary database (not started)

Oracle instance started

 

Total System Global Area     146472960 bytes

 

Fixed Size                     1335080 bytes

Variable Size                 92274904 bytes

Database Buffers              50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers                   2531328 bytes

 

sql statement: alter system set  db_name =  ''ORCL'' comment= ''Reset to original value by RMAN'' scope=spfile

 

sql statement: alter system reset  db_unique_name scope=spfile

 

Oracle instance shut down

 

connected to auxiliary database (not started)

Oracle instance started

 

Total System Global Area     146472960 bytes

 

Fixed Size                     1335080 bytes

Variable Size                 92274904 bytes

Database Buffers              50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers                   2531328 bytes

sql statement: CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE SET DATABASE "ORCL" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG

  MAXLOGFILES     16

  MAXLOGMEMBERS      3

  MAXDATAFILES      100

  MAXINSTANCES     8

  MAXLOGHISTORY      292

 LOGFILE

  GROUP  1 ( '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log' ) SIZE 50 M  REUSE,

  GROUP  2 ( '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log' ) SIZE 50 M  REUSE,

  GROUP  3 ( '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log' ) SIZE 50 M  REUSE

 DATAFILE

  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf'

 CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK

 

 

contents of Memory Script:

{

   set newname for tempfile  1 to

 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf";

   switch clone tempfile all;

   catalog clone datafilecopy  "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf",

 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf",

 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf";

   switch clone datafile all;

}

executing Memory Script

 

executing command: SET NEWNAME

 

renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf in control file

 

cataloged datafile copy

datafile copy file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf RECID=1 STAMP=745203867

cataloged datafile copy

datafile copy file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf RECID=2 STAMP=745203867

cataloged datafile copy

datafile copy file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf RECID=3 STAMP=745203867

 

datafile 2 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=1 STAMP=745203867 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

datafile 3 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=2 STAMP=745203867 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

datafile 4 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=745203867 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

 

contents of Memory Script:

{

   Alter clone database open resetlogs;

}

executing Memory Script

 

database opened

Finished Duplicate Db at 08-MAR-11

 

RMAN>

 

 

复制结束。 查询：

 

Target 库：

SQL> select name,dbid from v$database;

 

NAME            DBID

--------- ----------

ORCL      1272955137

 

Auxiliary库：

SQL> select name,dbid from v$database;

 

NAME            DBID

--------- ----------

ORCL      1272984602

文章标题：Oracle11gR2使用RMANduplicatefromactivedatabase复制数据库
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