这篇文章主要介绍oracle中如何定位你解决问题需要访问地视图，文中介绍的非常详细，具有一定的参考价值，感兴趣的小伙伴们一定要看完！

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如果你不知道确切要找的目标，可以参考介绍数据字典的文档，或者下面三个视图：

DBA_OBJECTS

DICTIONARY

DICT_COLUMNS

如果你知道你大致要查询的方向，比如解决物化视图的问题，可以用一下SQL来进行查询；

select object_name

from dba_objects

where object_name like '%MV%'

and owner ='SYS';

OBJECT_NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ALL_BASE_TABLE_MVIEWS

ALL_MVIEWS

ALL_MVIEW_AGGREGATES

ALL_MVIEW_ANALYSIS

ALL_MVIEW_COMMENTS

ALL_MVIEW_DETAIL_PARTITION

ALL_MVIEW_DETAIL_RELATIONS

ALL_MVIEW_DETAIL_SUBPARTITION

ALL_MVIEW_JOINS

ALL_MVIEW_KEYS

ALL_MVIEW_LOGS

...由于篇幅问题省略部分输出

这样可以确保查询方向大致是正确的，但是如果你要看每个视图的详细信息，就要用到DICTIONARY和DICT_COLUMNS这两个视图了；

SQL> desc dictionary

 Name                                      Null?    Type

 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

 TABLE_NAME                                         VARCHAR2(128)

 COMMENTS                                           VARCHAR2(4000)

 比如还是要解决物化视图的问题；

 select table_name,comments

 from dictionary

 where table_name like '%MV%';

TABLE_NAME                          COMMENTS

----------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DBA_BASE_TABLE_MVIEWS               All materialized views with log(s) in the database

DBA_HIST_MVPARAMETER                Multi-valued Parameter Historical Statistics Information

DBA_MVIEWS                          All materialized views in the database

DBA_MVIEW_AGGREGATES                Description of the materialized view aggregates accessible to dba

DBA_MVIEW_ANALYSIS                  Description of the materialized views accessible to dba

DBA_MVIEW_COMMENTS                  Comments on all materialized views in the database

DBA_MVIEW_DETAIL_PARTITION          Freshness information of all PCT materialized views in the database

DBA_MVIEW_DETAIL_RELATIONS          Description of the materialized view detail tables accessible to dba

DBA_MVIEW_DETAIL_SUBPARTITION       Freshness information of all PCT materialized views in the database

DBA_MVIEW_JOINS                     Description of a join between two columns in the WHERE clause of a materialized view accessible to dba

DBA_MVIEW_KEYS                      Description of the columns that appear in the GROUP BY list of a materialized view accessible to dba

DBA_MVIEW_LOGS                      All materialized view logs in the database

DBA_MVIEW_LOG_FILTER_COLS           All filter columns (excluding PK cols) being logged in the materialized view logs

DBA_MVIEW_REFRESH_TIMES             All fast refreshable materialized views and their last refresh times for each master table

DBA_REGISTERED_MVIEWS               Remote materialized views of local tables

DBA_REGISTERED_MVIEW_GROUPS         Materialized view repgroup registration information

DBA_TUNE_MVIEW                      Catalog View to show the result after executing TUNE_MVIEW() API

USER_BASE_TABLE_MVIEWS              All materialized views with log(s) owned by the user in the database

USER_MVIEWS                         All materialized views in the database

USER_MVIEW_AGGREGATES               Description of the materialized view aggregates created by the user

USER_MVIEW_ANALYSIS                 Description of the materialized views created by the user

USER_MVIEW_COMMENTS                 Comments on materialized views owned by the user

USER_MVIEW_DETAIL_PARTITION         Freshness information of all PCT materialized views in the database

USER_MVIEW_DETAIL_RELATIONS         Description of the materialized view detail tables of the materialized views created by the user

USER_MVIEW_DETAIL_SUBPARTITION      Freshness information of all PCT materialized views in the database

USER_MVIEW_JOINS                    Description of a join between two columns in the WHERE clause of a materialized view created by the user

USER_MVIEW_KEYS                     Description of the columns that appear in the GROUP BY list of a materialized view  created by the user

USER_MVIEW_LOGS                     All materialized view logs owned by the user

USER_MVIEW_REFRESH_TIMES            Materialized views and their last refresh times for each master table that the user can look at

USER_REGISTERED_MVIEWS              Remote materialized views of local tables currently using logs owned by the user

USER_TUNE_MVIEW                     tune_mview catalog view owned by the user

ALL_BASE_TABLE_MVIEWS               All materialized views with log(s) in the database that the user can see

ALL_MVIEWS                          All materialized views in the database

ALL_MVIEW_AGGREGATES                Description of the materialized view aggregates accessible to the user

ALL_MVIEW_ANALYSIS                  Description of the materialized views accessible to the user

ALL_MVIEW_COMMENTS                  Comments on materialized views accessible to the user

ALL_MVIEW_DETAIL_PARTITION          Freshness information of all PCT materialized views in the database

ALL_MVIEW_DETAIL_RELATIONS          Description of the materialized view detail tables accessible to the user

ALL_MVIEW_DETAIL_SUBPARTITION       Freshness information of all PCT materialized views in the database

ALL_MVIEW_JOINS                     Description of a join between two columns in the  WHERE clause of a materialized view accessible to the user

ALL_MVIEW_KEYS                      Description of the columns that appear in the GROUP BYlist of a materialized view accessible to the user

ALL_MVIEW_LOGS                      All materialized view logs in the database that the user can see

ALL_MVIEW_REFRESH_TIMES             Materialized views and their last refresh times  for each master table that the user can look at

ALL_REGISTERED_MVIEWS               Remote materialized views of local tables that the user can see

GV$MVREFRESH                        Synonym for GV_$MVREFRESH

V$MVREFRESH                         Synonym for V_$MVREFRESH

46 rows selected.

如果这还不能获得足够的相关列名信息，可以查询DICT_COLUMNS视图，还可以使用如下SQL来进行查询；

select column_name,comments

from dict_columns

where table_name = 'DBA_MVIEWS';

COLUMN_NAME                              COMMENTS

---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

UNKNOWN_PLSQL_FUNC                       Indicates if the materialized view contains PL/SQL function

UNKNOWN_EXTERNAL_TABLE                   Indicates if the materialized view contains external tables

UNKNOWN_CONSIDER_FRESH                   Indicates if the materialized view is considered fresh

UNKNOWN_IMPORT                           Indicates if the materialized view is imported

UNKNOWN_TRUSTED_FD                       Indicates if the materialized view used trusted constraints for refresh

COMPILE_STATE                            Indicates the validity of the MV meta-data

USE_NO_INDEX                             Indicates whether the MV uses no index

STALE_SINCE                              Time from when the materialized view became stale

NUM_PCT_TABLES                           Number of PCT detail tables

NUM_FRESH_PCT_REGIONS                    Number of fresh PCT partition regions

NUM_STALE_PCT_REGIONS                    Number of stale PCT partition regions

SEGMENT_CREATED                          Whether the materialized view segment is created or not

EVALUATION_EDITION                       Name of the evaluation edition assigned to the materialized view subquery

UNUSABLE_BEFORE                          Name of the oldest edition eligible for query rewrite

UNUSABLE_BEGINNING                       Name of the oldest edition in which query rewrite becomes perpetually disabled

OWNER                                    Owner of the materialized view

MVIEW_NAME                               Name of the materialized view

CONTAINER_NAME                           Name of the materialized view container table

QUERY                                    The defining query that the materialized view instantiates

QUERY_LEN                                The number of bytes in the defining query (based on the server character set

UPDATABLE                                Indicates whether the materialized view can be updated

UPDATE_LOG                               Name of the table that logs changes to an updatable materialized view

MASTER_ROLLBACK_SEG                      Name of the rollback segment to use at the master site

MASTER_LINK                              Name of the database link to the master site

REWRITE_ENABLED                          Indicates whether rewrite is enabled for the materialized view

REWRITE_CAPABILITY                       Indicates the kind of rewrite that is enabled

REFRESH_MODE                             Indicates how and when the materialized view will be refreshed

REFRESH_METHOD                           The default refresh method for the materialized view (complete, fast, ...)

BUILD_MODE                               How and when to initially build (load) the materialized view container

FAST_REFRESHABLE                         Indicates the kinds of operations that can be fast refreshed for the MV

LAST_REFRESH_TYPE                        Indicates the kind of refresh that was last performed on the MV

LAST_REFRESH_DATE                        The date that the materialized view was last refreshed

LAST_REFRESH_END_TIME                    The time that the last materialized view refresh ended

STALENESS                                Indicates the staleness state of the materialized view (fresh, stale, ...)

AFTER_FAST_REFRESH                       Indicates the staleness state the MV will have after a fast refresh is done

UNKNOWN_PREBUILT                         Indicates if the materialized view is prebuilt

36 rows selected.

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