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随着Kubernetes的进一步深入使用,我们越来越体会到它给我们的工作带来的高效与便利。Rolling Update是Kubernetes系统中的一个强大的功能,能够为我们的运维工作带来极大的便利。
创新互联建站是网站建设专家,致力于互联网品牌建设与网络营销,专业领域包括成都网站制作、网站建设、电商网站制作开发、小程序制作、微信营销、系统平台开发,与其他网站设计及系统开发公司不同,我们的整合解决方案结合了恒基网络品牌建设经验和互联网整合营销的理念,并将策略和执行紧密结合,且不断评估并优化我们的方案,为客户提供全方位的互联网品牌整合方案!初始Deployment的YAML如下:
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: deployment-rollout
spec:
replicas: 4
template:
metadata:
labels:
test: httpd
spec:
containers:
- name: httpd-rollout-test
image: httpd:2.2.31
ports:
- containerPort: 80
执行命令:
[root@k8s-m ~]# kubectl get deployment -o wide
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
deployment-rollout 4 4 4 4 107s httpd-rollout-test httpd:2.2.31 test=httpd
[root@k8s-m ~]# kubectl get replicaset -o wide
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
deployment-rollout-5fb9c69c5c 4 4 4 116s httpd-rollout-test httpd:2.2.31 pod-template-hash=5fb9c69c5c,test=httpd
升级到2.4.31,YAML如下:
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: deployment-rollout
spec:
revisionHistoryLimit: 10
replicas: 4
template:
metadata:
labels:
test: httpd
spec:
containers:
- name: httpd-rollout-test
image: httpd:2.4.33
ports:
- containerPort: 80
执行命令:
[root@k8s-m ~]# kubectl apply -f Httpd-Deployment-rollout-v1.yaml
deployment.apps/deployment-rollout configured
[root@k8s-m ~]# kubectl get deployment -o wide
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
deployment-rollout 4 5 2 3 3m57s httpd-rollout-test httpd:2.4.33 test=httpd
[root@k8s-m ~]# kubectl get replicaset -o wide
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
deployment-rollout-54766f574f 2 2 0 93s httpd-rollout-test httpd:2.4.33 pod-template-hash=54766f574f,test=httpd
deployment-rollout-5fb9c69c5c 3 3 3 4m12s httpd-rollout-test httpd:2.2.31 pod-template-hash=5fb9c69c5c,test=httpd
[root@k8s-m ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE
deployment-rollout-54766f574f-668pc 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 114s k8s-n1
deployment-rollout-54766f574f-ssz67 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 115s k8s-n2
deployment-rollout-5fb9c69c5c-m5dvs 1/1 Running 0 4m34s 10.244.2.47 k8s-n2
deployment-rollout-5fb9c69c5c-p9grr 1/1 Running 0 4m34s 10.244.1.113 k8s-n1
deployment-rollout-5fb9c69c5c-tzm7w 1/1 Running 0 4m34s 10.244.2.48 k8s-n2
一会儿后再观察一下:
[root@k8s-m ~]# kubectl get replicaset -o wide
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
deployment-rollout-54766f574f 4 4 4 4m24s httpd-rollout-test httpd:2.4.33 pod-template-hash=54766f574f,test=httpd
deployment-rollout-5fb9c69c5c 0 0 0 7m3s httpd-rollout-test httpd:2.2.31 pod-template-hash=5fb9c69c5c,test=httpd
[root@k8s-m ~]# kubectl get deployment -o wide
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
deployment-rollout 4 4 4 4 7m18s httpd-rollout-test httpd:2.4.33 test=httpd
[root@k8s-m ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE
deployment-rollout-54766f574f-668pc 1/1 Running 0 4m48s 10.244.1.114 k8s-n1
deployment-rollout-54766f574f-h7gf9 1/1 Running 0 99s 10.244.2.50 k8s-n2
deployment-rollout-54766f574f-ssz67 1/1 Running 0 4m49s 10.244.2.49 k8s-n2
deployment-rollout-54766f574f-vklvr 1/1 Running 0 41s 10.244.1.115 k8s-n1
在此过程中,我们会发现,ReplicaSet deployment-rollout-5fb9c69c5c逐步被deployment-rollout-54766f574f取代,创建新版本的Pod之后,原始版本的Pod被终止。这是一个平滑的升级过程。Kubernetes提供了两个参数maxSurge和maxUnavailable来精细控制Pod的替换数量。
默认情况下,Kubernetes只会保留最近几个revision。在上面的升级过程中,通过revisionHistoryLimit设置了revision的数量。我们通过命令来看一下:
[root@k8s-m ~]# kubectl rollout history deployment deployment-rollout
deployment.extensions/deployment-rollout
REVISION CHANGE-CAUSE
1
2
继续升级。新版的YAML如下:
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: deployment-rollout
spec:
revisionHistoryLimit: 10
replicas: 4
template:
metadata:
labels:
test: httpd
spec:
containers:
- name: httpd-rollout-test
image: httpd:2.4.34
ports:
- containerPort: 80
执行升级并记录升级日志。
[root@k8s-m ~]# kubectl apply -f Httpd-Deployment-rollout-v2.yaml --record
deployment.apps/deployment-rollout configured
[root@k8s-m ~]# kubectl rollout history deployment deployment-rollout
deployment.extensions/deployment-rollout
REVISION CHANGE-CAUSE
1
2
3 kubectl apply --filename=Httpd-Deployment-rollout-v2.yaml --record=true
[root@k8s-m ~]# kubectl get deployment deployment-rollout -o wide
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
deployment-rollout 4 4 4 4 31m httpd-rollout-test httpd:2.4.34 test=httpd
[root@k8s-m ~]# kubectl get replicaset -o wide
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
deployment-rollout-54766f574f 0 0 0 29m httpd-rollout-test httpd:2.4.33 pod-template-hash=54766f574f,test=httpd
deployment-rollout-54fc66bb6 4 4 4 6m12s httpd-rollout-test httpd:2.4.34 pod-template-hash=54fc66bb6,test=httpd
deployment-rollout-5fb9c69c5c 0 0 0 32m httpd-rollout-test httpd:2.2.31 pod-template-hash=5fb9c69c5c,test=httpd
[root@k8s-m ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE
deployment-rollout-54fc66bb6-2zvhk 1/1 Running 0 6m26s 10.244.1.116 k8s-n1
deployment-rollout-54fc66bb6-7rsj6 1/1 Running 0 4m16s 10.244.1.117 k8s-n1
deployment-rollout-54fc66bb6-nlx4h 1/1 Running 0 6m26s 10.244.2.51 k8s-n2
deployment-rollout-54fc66bb6-xxnrg 1/1 Running 0 6m24s 10.244.2.52 k8s-n2
修改YAML文件中镜像的版本继续升级,观察升级结果:
[root@k8s-m ~]# kubectl rollout history deployment deployment-rollout
deployment.extensions/deployment-rollout
REVISION CHANGE-CAUSE
1
2
3 kubectl apply --filename=Httpd-Deployment-rollout-v2.yaml --record=true
4 kubectl apply --filename=Httpd-Deployment-rollout-v3.yaml --record=true
[root@k8s-m ~]# kubectl get replicaset -o wide
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
deployment-rollout-54766f574f 0 0 0 33m httpd-rollout-test httpd:2.4.33 pod-template-hash=54766f574f,test=httpd
deployment-rollout-54fc66bb6 0 0 0 10m httpd-rollout-test httpd:2.4.34 pod-template-hash=54fc66bb6,test=httpd
deployment-rollout-5b99bbfbbc 4 4 4 2m33s httpd-rollout-test httpd:2.4.35 pod-template-hash=5b99bbfbbc,test=httpd
deployment-rollout-5fb9c69c5c 0 0 0 36m httpd-rollout-test httpd:2.2.31 pod-template-hash=5fb9c69c5c,test=httpd
[root@k8s-m ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE
deployment-rollout-5b99bbfbbc-7mdg9 1/1 Running 0 65s 10.244.1.119 k8s-n1
deployment-rollout-5b99bbfbbc-9mfbk 1/1 Running 0 2m40s 10.244.1.118 k8s-n1
deployment-rollout-5b99bbfbbc-jn5sb 1/1 Running 0 2m40s 10.244.2.53 k8s-n2
deployment-rollout-5b99bbfbbc-tr6t2 1/1 Running 0 2m38s 10.244.2.54 k8s-n2
httpd的image均已经升级到2.4.35,接下来我们试一下回滚到v2版本:
[root@k8s-m ~]# kubectl rollout undo deployment deployment-rollout --to-revision=3
deployment.extensions/deployment-rollout
[root@k8s-m ~]# kubectl get deployment -o wide
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
deployment-rollout 4 4 4 4 42m httpd-rollout-test httpd:2.4.34 test=httpd
[root@k8s-m ~]# kubectl get replicaset -o wide
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
deployment-rollout-54766f574f 0 0 0 39m httpd-rollout-test httpd:2.4.33 pod-template-hash=54766f574f,test=httpd
deployment-rollout-54fc66bb6 4 4 4 16m httpd-rollout-test httpd:2.4.34 pod-template-hash=54fc66bb6,test=httpd
deployment-rollout-5b99bbfbbc 0 0 0 8m35s httpd-rollout-test httpd:2.4.35 pod-template-hash=5b99bbfbbc,test=httpd
deployment-rollout-5fb9c69c5c 0 0 0 42m httpd-rollout-test httpd:2.2.31 pod-template-hash=5fb9c69c5c,test=httpd
[root@k8s-m ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE
deployment-rollout-54fc66bb6-bjskn 1/1 Running 0 68s 10.244.1.121 k8s-n1
deployment-rollout-54fc66bb6-c65th 1/1 Running 0 70s 10.244.2.55 k8s-n2
deployment-rollout-54fc66bb6-cwpbk 1/1 Running 0 70s 10.244.1.120 k8s-n1
deployment-rollout-54fc66bb6-lz9xt 1/1 Running 0 68s 10.244.2.56 k8s-n2
[root@k8s-m ~]# kubectl rollout history deployment deployment-rollout
deployment.extensions/deployment-rollout
REVISION CHANGE-CAUSE
1
2
4 kubectl apply --filename=Httpd-Deployment-rollout-v3.yaml --record=true
5 kubectl apply --filename=Httpd-Deployment-rollout-v2.yaml --record=true
每次升级或回滚操作之后REVISION的数字都会增加1。通过kubectl history,我们可以看到每次升级记录,--record记录了每次操作的详细过程。通过kubectl undo执行回滚操作,选项--to-revision指定了回滚的修订版本号。
3.1. 再次被Kubernetes的魅力所折服,平常工作中的灰度升级/发布/更新(按批次停止老版本实例,启用新版本实例,新老版本共存,逐步扩大新版本范围,最终把所有用户迁移到新版本上),蓝绿升级/发布/更新(不停止老版本,另外部署一套新版本,新版本通过测试发布后删除老版本),滚动升级/发布/更新(一个或多个服务停止,执行更新,逐步将新版本投入使用,周而复始,最终完成整个集群中所有实例的版本更新)这些概念理解更加透彻。
3.2. 目前有些资料已经不适用于新版本了,不要被网上的资料所误导,一定要立足与官方文档和系统帮助。例如:
Kubernetes 的Deploy相关的命令只有:
Deploy Commands:
rollout Manage the rollout of a resource
scale 为 Deployment, ReplicaSet, Replication Controller 或者 Job 设置一个新的副本数量
autoscale 自动调整一个 Deployment, ReplicaSet, 或者 ReplicationController 的副本数量
Rollout可用资源类型:
Valid resource types include:
* deployments
* daemonsets
* statefulsets
3.3 Rollout updat也可以通过YAML来实现,后续文章会介绍。
4.1 本文相关的yaml文件
4.2 官方资料
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