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# 批量插入数据
book_list = []
for i in range(100):
book = Book(title="book_%s"%i,price=i*i,publishDate="2012-12-12",publish_id=1)
book_list.append(book)
Book.objects.bulk_create(book_list)from django.core.paginator import Paginator, EmptyPage, PageNotAnInteger
book_list = Book.objects.all()
paginator = Paginator(book_list, 10) # 每页显示10条数据
print(paginator.count) # 总数据数 105
print(paginator.num_pages) # 总页数 11
print(paginator.page_range) # 页码的列表 range(1, 12)
page1 = paginator.page(1) # 第一页的book对象列表
print(page1) #
for i in page1: # 遍历第一页的所有数据对象
print(i) # Book object (16)
print(page1.object_list) # 第一页的所有数据[, ... ]
page2 = paginator.page(2)
print(page2.has_next()) # 是否有下一页 True
print(page2.next_page_number()) # 下一页的页码 3
print(page2.has_previous()) # 是否有上一页 True
print(page2.previous_page_number()) # 上一页的页码 1
# 抛错
page=paginator.page(12) # error:EmptyPage
page=paginator.page("z") # error:PageNotAnInteger views.py
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from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django.core.paginator import Paginator,EmptyPage
from app1.models import *
def index(request):
book_list = Book.objects.all()
paginator = Paginator(book_list, 7) # 每页显示7条数据
current_page = int(request.GET.get("page", 1)) # 没有page这个key,就设置为1
# 这里是保证当前最多只显示11个页码
if paginator.num_pages > 11:
if current_page-5<1:
page_range = range(1,12)
elif current_page+5>paginator.num_pages:
page_range = range(paginator.num_pages-10,paginator.num_pages+1)
else:
page_range = range(current_page - 5, current_page + 6)
else:
page_range = paginator.page_range
# 显示当前页的book对象列表
try:
current_page_contents = paginator.page(current_page)
# 如果数据为空，显示第一页的数据
except EmptyPage as e:
current_page_contents = paginator.page(1)
return render(request, "index.html",locals())index.html
{% for book_obj in current_page_contents %}
- {{ book_obj.title }}--{{ book_obj.price }}
{% endfor %}
作用：
主要是校验字段功能注意：
1.即使不是所有字段验证通过，form.cleaned_data中也有通过验证的字段的值。
2.前端传过来的字段可以比UserForm中的字段多，多余的字段不进行验证。所有字段验证通过，form.is_valid()返回true。
3.前端传过来的字段比UserForm中的字段少，form.is_valid()返回false。forms.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# Author: vita
from django import forms
class UserForm(forms.Form):
name = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="用户名", error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空"})
pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="密码", error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空"})
r_pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="确认密码", error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空"})
email = forms.EmailField(label="邮箱" , error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空", "invalid": "格式错误"})
tel = forms.CharField(label="手机号")views.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django.core.paginator import Paginator,EmptyPage
from app1.models import *
from app1.myforms import *
def index(request):
if request.method=="POST":
print(request.POST) #
form = UserForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
print("form.cleaned_data----", form.cleaned_data)
else:
print("form.cleaned_data----", form.cleaned_data) # {'pwd': '1234', 'email': '123@qq.com', 'tel': '123'}
print("form.errors----", form.errors)
print("type(form.errors)----", type(form.errors)) #
print("form.errors.get('name')----", form.errors.get("name")) # - 该字段不能为空
print("type(form.errors.get('name'))----", type(form.errors.get("name"))) #
print("form.errors.get('name')[0]----", form.errors.get("name")[0])
return render(request, "index.html", locals()) index.html
简单form
forms.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# Author: vita
from django import forms
from django.forms import widgets
class UserForm(forms.Form):
# 自定义html中的标签和添加类
name = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="用户名", error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空"},widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}))
pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="密码", error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空"},widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}))
r_pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="确认密码", error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空"},widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}))
email = forms.EmailField(label="邮箱", error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空", "invalid": "格式错误"},widget=widgets.EmailInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}))
tel = forms.CharField(label="手机号", widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}))views.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django.core.paginator import Paginator,EmptyPage
from app1.models import *
from app1.myforms import *
def index(request):
form = UserForm()
if request.method=="POST":
print(request.POST) #
form = UserForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
print("form.cleaned_data----", form.cleaned_data)
else:
print("form.cleaned_data----", form.cleaned_data) # {'pwd': '1234', 'email': '123@qq.com', 'tel': '123'}
print("form.errors----", form.errors)
print("type(form.errors)----", type(form.errors)) #
print("form.errors.get('name')----", form.errors.get("name")) # - 该字段不能为空
print("type(form.errors.get('name'))----", type(form.errors.get("name"))) #
print("form.errors.get('name')[0]----", form.errors.get("name")[0])
return render(request, "index.html", locals()) index.html
form组件渲染方式1
index.html
form组件渲染方式2
index.html
form组件渲染方式3
# 局部钩子函数名为clean_UserForm中字段名
# 返回值为val，报错时raise ValidationError("用户名长度最长为12")
# 错误信息存放在form.errors.get("字段名")[0]
def clean_name(self):
val = self.cleaned_data.get("name")
if len(val)<12:
return val
else:
raise ValidationError("用户名长度最长为12")查看源码
form.is_valid()
def is_valid(self):
"""Return True if the form has no errors, or False otherwise."""
return self.is_bound and not self.errors
@property
def errors(self):
"""Return an ErrorDict for the data provided for the form."""
if self._errors is None:
self.full_clean()
return self._errors
def full_clean(self):
"""
Clean all of self.data and populate self._errors and self.cleaned_data.
"""
self._errors = ErrorDict()
if not self.is_bound: # Stop further processing.
return
self.cleaned_data = {} # 是一个字典
# If the form is permitted to be empty, and none of the form data has
# changed from the initial data, short circuit any validation.
if self.empty_permitted and not self.has_changed():
return
self._clean_fields() #局部钩子所在源码处，先执行局部钩子函数，然后执行全局钩子函数
self._clean_form() #全局钩子所在源码处
self._post_clean()
def _clean_fields(self):
for name, field in self.fields.items():
# value_from_datadict() gets the data from the data dictionaries.
# Each widget type knows how to retrieve its own data, because some
# widgets split data over several HTML fields.
if field.disabled:
value = self.get_initial_for_field(field, name)
else:
value = field.widget.value_from_datadict(self.data, self.files, self.add_prefix(name))
try:
if isinstance(field, FileField):
initial = self.get_initial_for_field(field, name)
value = field.clean(value, initial)
else:
value = field.clean(value)
self.cleaned_data[name] = value #可以看到，验证通过的字段赋值给了cleaned_data.
if hasattr(self, 'clean_%s' % name):
value = getattr(self, 'clean_%s' % name)()
self.cleaned_data[name] = value
except ValidationError as e:
self.add_error(name, e)
forms.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# Author: vita
from django import forms
from django.forms import widgets
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
class UserForm(forms.Form):
# 自定义html中的标签和添加类
name = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="用户名", error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空"},widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}))
pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="密码", error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空"},widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}))
r_pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="确认密码", error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空"},widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}))
email = forms.EmailField(label="邮箱", error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空", "invalid": "格式错误"},widget=widgets.EmailInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}))
tel = forms.CharField(label="手机号", widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}))
# 局部钩子函数，必须是clean_字段名
def clean_tel(self):
val = self.cleaned_data.get("tel")
if len(val)==11:
return val
else:
raise ValidationError("手机格式错误")
def clean_name(self):
val = self.cleaned_data.get("name")
if len(val)<12:
return val
else:
raise ValidationError("用户名长度最长为12")views.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django.core.paginator import Paginator,EmptyPage
from app1.models import *
from app1.myforms import *
def index(request):
form = UserForm()
if request.method=="POST":
print(request.POST) #
form = UserForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
print("form.cleaned_data----", form.cleaned_data)
else:
print("form.cleaned_data----", form.cleaned_data) # {'pwd': '1234', 'email': '123@qq.com', 'tel': '123'}
print("form.errors----", form.errors)
print("type(form.errors)----", type(form.errors)) #
print("form.errors.get('name')----", form.errors.get("name")) # - 该字段不能为空
print("type(form.errors.get('name'))----", type(form.errors.get("name"))) #
print("form.errors.get('name')[0]----", form.errors.get("name")[0])
return render(request, "index.html", locals()) index.html
forms组件渲染方式1
# 全局钩子，函数名必须为clean
# 返回值是self.cleaned_data，报错时raise ValidationError("两次密码不一致")
# 错误信息存放在errors = form.errors.get("__all__").[0]
def clean(self):
pwd = self.cleaned_data.get("pwd")
r_pwd=self.cleaned_data.get("r_pwd")
# 当密码验证不通过的时候，假如密码pwd为空，就不要验证密码是否一致了
if pwd and r_pwd:
if pwd==r_pwd:
return self.cleaned_data
else:
raise ValidationError("两次密码不一致")
else:
return self.cleaned_data全局钩子源码
def _clean_form(self):
try:
cleaned_data = self.clean()
except ValidationError as e: #这里捕获ValidationError,所以自己定义的函数中抛出该异常
self.add_error(None, e)
else:
if cleaned_data is not None:
self.cleaned_data = cleaned_data
def clean(self):
"""
Hook for doing any extra form-wide cleaning after Field.clean() has been
called on every field. Any ValidationError raised by this method will
not be associated with a particular field; it will have a special-case
association with the field named '__all__'.
"""
return self.cleaned_data #所以我们重写clean方法，返回值为cleaned_data
forms.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# Author: vita
from django import forms
from django.forms import widgets
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
class UserForm(forms.Form):
# 自定义html中的标签和添加类
name = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="用户名", error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空"},widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}))
pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="密码", error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空"},widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}))
r_pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="确认密码", error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空"},widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}))
email = forms.EmailField(label="邮箱", error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空", "invalid": "格式错误"},widget=widgets.EmailInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}))
tel = forms.CharField(label="手机号", widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}))
def clean_tel(self):
val = self.cleaned_data.get("tel")
if len(val)==11:
return val
else:
raise ValidationError("手机格式错误")
def clean_name(self):
val = self.cleaned_data.get("name")
if len(val)<12:
return val
else:
raise ValidationError("用户名长度最长为12")
# 全局钩子，函数名必须为clean
def clean(self):
pwd = self.cleaned_data.get("pwd")
r_pwd=self.cleaned_data.get("r_pwd")
# 当密码验证不通过的时候，假如密码pwd为空，就不要验证密码是否一致了
if pwd and r_pwd:
if pwd==r_pwd:
return self.cleaned_data
else:
raise ValidationError("两次密码不一致")
else:
return self.cleaned_datavews.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django.core.paginator import Paginator,EmptyPage
from app1.models import *
from app1.myforms import *
def index(request):
form = UserForm()
if request.method=="POST":
print(request.POST) #
form = UserForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
print("form.cleaned_data----", form.cleaned_data)
else:
print("form.cleaned_data----", form.cleaned_data) # {'pwd': '1234', 'email': '123@qq.com', 'tel': '123'}
print("form.errors----", form.errors)
print("type(form.errors)----", type(form.errors)) #
print("form.errors.get('name')----", form.errors.get("name")) # - 该字段不能为空
print("type(form.errors.get('name'))----", type(form.errors.get("name"))) #
print("form.errors.get('name')[0]----", form.errors.get("name")[0])
errors = form.errors.get("__all__")
print("errors----", errors) # - 两次密码不一致
print("type(errors)----", type(errors)) #
return render(request, "index.html", locals()) index.html
forms组件渲染方式1
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