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下文主要给大家带来job的简单配置和简易测试，希望这些文字能够带给大家实际用处，这也是我编辑job的简单配置和简易测试这篇文章的主要目的。好了，废话不多说，大家直接看下文吧。

1.job简单介绍

job也是种控制器,k8s有两种类型的控制器,一种是服务类控制器,比如deployment,deamonset,replicaset等等.一种是工作任务类控制器,job和cronjon就是工作任务类控制器.

job的简易参数介绍

spec.template格式同Pod
RestartPolicy仅支持Never或OnFailure
单个Pod时，默认Pod成功运行后Job即结束.
spec.completions标志Job结束需要成功运行的Pod个数,默认为1,可以理解pod运行的总数.
spec.parallelism标志并行运行的Pod的个数,默认为1,可以理解为同时运行的Pod数量.
spec.activeDeadlineSeconds标志失败Pod的重试大时间,超过这个时间不会继续重试.
spec.backoffLimit: 指定job失败后进行重试的次数.

2.job简易实例

[root@k8s-node1 job]#cat job1.yaml 
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: pi
spec:
  template:
   metadata:
    name: pi
   spec:
    containers:
    - name: pi
     image: perl
     command: ["perl",  "-Mbignum=bpi", "-wle", "print bpi(2000)"]
    restartPolicy: Never

[root@k8s-node1 job]# kubectl get job
NAME  COMPLETIONS  DURATION  AGE
pi   1/1      8m37s    15m
[root@k8s-node1 job]# kubectl get pod
NAME               READY  STATUS    RESTARTS  AGE
busybox              1/1   Running   76     28d
mysql-7c9cbfcdf8-hxlrm      1/1   Running   7      22d
mysql-t-54666b579c-7m5rv     1/1   Running   11     26d
mysql-test-647b8db96b-qdxw6    1/1   Running   10     23d
pi-5gtpz             0/1   Completed  0      15m
wordpress-pod-74c47cd8dd-dlzvc  1/1   Running   7      22d
[root@k8s-node1 job]# kubectl logs pi-5gtpz

修改配置文件,加上参数测试

[root@k8s-node1 job]# cat job1.yaml 
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: pi
spec:
  completions: 3
  parallelism: 2
  template:
   metadata:
    name: pi
   spec:
    containers:
    - name: pi
     image: perl
     command: ["perl",  "-Mbignum=bpi", "-wle", "print bpi(2000)"]
    restartPolicy: Never

spec.parallelism参数设置了2,因此开始就启动了两个pod

[root@k8s-node1 job]# kubectl get pod
NAME               READY  STATUS        RESTARTS  AGE
busybox              1/1   Running       76     28d
mysql-7c9cbfcdf8-hxlrm      1/1   Running       7      22d
mysql-t-54666b579c-7m5rv     1/1   Running       11     26d
mysql-test-647b8db96b-qdxw6    1/1   Running       10     23d
pi-jjpm4             0/1   ContainerCreating  0      4s
pi-xffsz             0/1   ContainerCreating  0      4s
wordpress-pod-74c47cd8dd-dlzvc  1/1   Running       7      22d

[root@k8s-node1 job]# kubectl get pod
NAME               READY  STATUS    RESTARTS  AGE
busybox              1/1   Running   76     28d
mysql-7c9cbfcdf8-hxlrm      1/1   Running   7      22d
mysql-t-54666b579c-7m5rv     1/1   Running   11     26d
mysql-test-647b8db96b-qdxw6    1/1   Running   10     23d
pi-c4qxs             0/1   Completed  0      43s
pi-jjpm4             0/1   Completed  0      55s
pi-xffsz             0/1   Completed  0      55s
wordpress-pod-74c47cd8dd-dlzvc  1/1   Running   7      22d

3.job备份mysql容器数据库

job在什么场景使用呢?

比如数据库备份

最简单的示例,参考见下:

思路是启用一个job,使用的镜像是mysql:5.7(注意密码必须设置),然后执行命令mysqldump --host=mysql-test -uroot -ppassword --databases t1 >t1.sql.备份MySQL容器pod主机名为mysql-test的数据库(注意mysql-test是svc的名字).

[root@k8s-node1 job]# kubectl get svc,pod
NAME         TYPE     CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP  PORT(S)     AGE
service/httpd-svc   NodePort   10.254.125.1        80:8400/TCP   31d
service/kubernetes  ClusterIP  10.254.0.1         443/TCP     45d
service/mysql     ClusterIP  10.254.209.23        3306/TCP     23d
service/mysql-t    ClusterIP  10.254.177.63        3306/TCP     27d
service/mysql-test  ClusterIP  10.254.177.188       3306/TCP     24d
service/wordpress   NodePort   10.254.88.118        8080:8425/TCP  23d
NAME                 READY  STATUS    RESTARTS  AGE
pod/busybox              1/1   Running   92     29d
pod/mysql-7c9cbfcdf8-hxlrm      1/1   Running   17     23d
pod/mysql-dump-jw5zh         0/1   Completed  0      80s
pod/mysql-t-54666b579c-7m5rv     1/1   Running   21     27d
pod/mysql-test-647b8db96b-qdxw6    1/1   Running   19     24d
pod/t1-55f6c78557-6xxwd        1/1   Running   0      17m
pod/t2-7f459d454c-wk2zb        1/1   Running   0      17m
pod/wordpress-pod-74c47cd8dd-dlzvc  1/1   Running   12     23d

[root@k8s-node1 job]# cat job2.yaml 
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: mysql-dump
spec:
  template:
   metadata:
    name: mysql-dump
   spec:
    containers:
    - name: mysql-dump
     image: mysql:5.7
     env:
     - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
      value: abc123
     command: ["/bin/sh","-c","mysqldump --host=mysql-test -uroot -ppassword --databases t1 >t1.sql"]
    restartPolicy: Never

测试执行成功.见下:

[root@k8s-node1 storage]# kubectl get job
NAME     COMPLETIONS  DURATION  AGE
mysql-dump  1/1      2s     28m

[root@k8s-node1 storage]# kubectl get pod
NAME                    READY  STATUS        RESTARTS  AGE
busybox                  1/1   Running       81     29d
mysql-7c9cbfcdf8-hxlrm           1/1   Running       7      22d
mysql-dump-p4wn7              0/1   Completed      0      28m
mysql-t-54666b579c-7m5rv          1/1   Running       11     27d
mysql-test-647b8db96b-qdxw6        1/1   Running       10     23d
nfs-client-provisioner-5bd47b7669-lzv6j  0/1   ContainerCreating  0      6m38s
wordpress-pod-74c47cd8dd-dlzvc       1/1   Running       7      22d

完美点的示例,把备份的数据解耦出来,加上pvc.

配置pv和pvc,参考见下:

pv

[root@k8s-node1 storage]# cat job-pv1.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: jobpv1
spec:
  capacity:
   storage: 100Mi
  accessModes:
   - ReadWriteMany
  persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Retain
  storageClassName: nfs
  nfs:
   path: /mnt/data/jobpv1
   server: 192.168.174.130
[root@k8s-node1 storage]# kubectl apply -f job-pv1.yaml 
persistentvolume/jobpv1 created
[root@k8s-node1 storage]# kubectl get pv
NAME     CAPACITY  ACCESS MODES  RECLAIM POLICY  STATUS    CLAIM         STORAGECLASS  REASON  AGE
jobpv1    100Mi    RWX       Retain      Available             nfs           7s

pvc

[root@k8s-node1 storage]# cat job-pvc1.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: jobpvc1
spec:
  accessModes:
   - ReadWriteMany
  resources:
   requests:
    storage: 100Mi
  storageClassName: nfs
[root@k8s-node1 storage]# kubectl apply -f job-pvc1.yaml 
persistentvolumeclaim/jobpvc1 created
[root@k8s-node1 storage]# kubectl get pvc
NAME     STATUS  VOLUME    CAPACITY  ACCESS MODES  STORAGECLASS  AGE
jobpvc1    Bound   jobpv1    100Mi    RWX       nfs       4s

把pvc使用到job上

[root@k8s-node1 job]# cat job2.yaml 
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: mysql-dump
spec:
  template:
   metadata:
    name: mysql-dump
   spec:
    containers:
    - name: mysql-dump
     image: mysql:5.7
     env:
     - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
      value: abc123
     command: ["/bin/sh","-c","mysqldump --host=mysql-test -uroot -ppassword --databases t1 >/mnt/t1.sql"]
     volumeMounts:
      - name: job-pvc
       mountPath: "/mnt"
    restartPolicy: Never
    volumes:
     - name: job-pvc
      persistentVolumeClaim:
       claimName: jobpvc1

[root@k8s-node1 job]# kubectl apply -f job2.yaml 
job.batch/mysql-dump created
[root@k8s-node1 job]# kubectl get pod
NAME               READY  STATUS    RESTARTS  AGE
busybox              1/1   Running   92     29d
mysql-7c9cbfcdf8-hxlrm      1/1   Running   17     23d
mysql-dump-jw5zh         0/1   Completed  0      3s
mysql-t-54666b579c-7m5rv     1/1   Running   21     27d
mysql-test-647b8db96b-qdxw6    1/1   Running   19     24d
t1-55f6c78557-6xxwd        1/1   Running   0      16m
t2-7f459d454c-wk2zb        1/1   Running   0      15m
wordpress-pod-74c47cd8dd-dlzvc  1/1   Running   12     23d

可以去保存pvc的目录下查看,数据已经备份成功,见下

[root@k8s-node3 jobpv1]# pwd
/mnt/data/jobpv1
[root@k8s-node3 jobpv1]# ls
t1.sql

4.使用cronjob备份

上面用job备份只是一次性执行结束,对于很多备份是需要持续性备份操作的,持续性备份操作,k8s有cronjob.

就用上面的示例修改

注意cronjob的api和job的api不一样,可用expalin命令检索,见下

[root@k8s-node1 job]# kubectl explain cronjob
KIND:   CronJob
VERSION:  batch/v1beta1

修改好的cronjob示例见下

[root@k8s-node1 job]# cat cronjob1.yaml 
apiVersion: batch/v1beta1
kind: CronJob
metadata:
  name: mysql-dump
spec:
  schedule: "*/1 * * * *"
  jobTemplate:
   spec:
    template:
     spec:
      containers:
      - name: mysql-dump
       image: mysql:5.7
       env:
       - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
        value: abc123
       command: ["/bin/sh","-c","mysqldump --host=mysql-test -uroot -ppassword --databases t1 >/mnt/t1`date +%Y%m%d%H%M`.sql"]
       volumeMounts:
        - name: job-pvc
         mountPath: "/mnt"
      restartPolicy: Never
      volumes:
       - name: job-pvc
        persistentVolumeClaim:
         claimName: jobpvc1

注释1:schedule: "/1   ",每分钟执行一次
注释2:date +%Y%m%d%H%M,date函数命令,文件名加上日期时间,更能直观*

读取执行cronjob

[root@k8s-node1 job]# kubectl apply -f cronjob1.yaml 
cronjob.batch/mysql-dump created

[root@k8s-node1 job]# kubectl get cronjob
NAME     SCHEDULE    SUSPEND  ACTIVE  LAST SCHEDULE  AGE
mysql-dump  */1 * * * *  False   1     5s        10s

[root@k8s-node1 job]# kubectl get pod
NAME                    READY  STATUS    RESTARTS  AGE
busybox                  1/1   Running   103     32d
mysql-7c9cbfcdf8-hxlrm           1/1   Running   21     26d
mysql-dump-1577082660-d58mx        0/1   Completed  0      9s

检索pvc存储目录,可见每分钟保存一个sql文件,见下:

[root@k8s-node3 jobpv1]# pwd
/mnt/data/jobpv1
[root@k8s-node3 jobpv1]# ll
total 32
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2447 Dec 23 14:31 t1201912230631.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2447 Dec 23 14:32 t1201912230632.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2447 Dec 23 14:33 t1201912230633.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2447 Dec 23 14:34 t1201912230634.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2447 Dec 23 14:35 t1201912230635.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2447 Dec 23 14:36 t1201912230636.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2447 Dec 23 14:37 t1201912230637.sql

cronjob用来备份数据,非常方便.

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